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Systematic reviews, renowned for their explicit methodologies in identifying, appraising, analyzing, and synthesizing study findings, have played a crucial role in shaping research, policy, and practice across various sectors, from health to international development and environmental management. In the realm of environmental and development research, the unique complexities and nature of these fields have led to the growing recognition of qualitative approaches to evidence synthesis. These approaches can offer valuable insights into subjective experiences or contribute to a deeper understanding of (implementation) context, intervention feasibility, acceptance, appropriateness, unintended consequences, and similar.
In this presentation, we aim to provide an overview of the challenges and lessons learned from our experiences with multi-context thematic and framework syntheses conducted in the fields of environment and development. We will delve into the practical and methodological challenges encountered at each stage of the qualitative review process, including question formulation, study identification and screening, quality appraisal, coding, and synthesis. These challenges include, among others, managing the iterative review process, subjectivity, and interpretation, grappling with the diversity of study types and designs, and navigating a multitude of study settings. Finally, we will offer valuable insights and practical suggestions to guide future qualitative syntheses in the field.