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TZID:Europe/Berlin
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T153000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T170000
DTSTAMP:20240529T111949Z
CREATED:20240508T085431Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T111949Z
UID:10000065-1718119800-1718125200@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Accounting for Sample Overlap in Economics Meta-Analyses: The Generalized-Weights Method in Practice
DESCRIPTION:Meta-analyses in economics frequently exhibit considerable overlap among primary samples. If not addressed\, sample overlap leads to efficiency losses and inflated rates of false positives at\nthe meta-analytical level. Bom and Rachinger (2020) propose a generalized-weights approach to handle sample overlap. This approach effectively approximates the correlation structure between primary estimates using information on sample sizes and overlap degrees in the primary studies. This paper demonstrates the application of the generalized-weights method to economics\nmeta-analyses\, addressing practical challenges that are likely to be encountered. We account for variations in data aggregation levels\, estimation methods\, and effect size metrics\, among other\nissues. We derive explicit covariance formulas for different scenarios\, evaluate the accuracy of the approximations\, and employ Monte Carlo simulations to demonstrate how the method enhances efficiency and restores the false positive rate to its nominal level.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/accounting-for-sample-overlap-in-economics-meta-analyses-the-generalized-weights-method-in-practice/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T153000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T170000
DTSTAMP:20240529T111920Z
CREATED:20240508T085327Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T111920Z
UID:10000064-1718119800-1718125200@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:The Price Elasticity of Heating and Cooling Energy Demand: A Meta-Analysis
DESCRIPTION:We follow a registered pre-analysis plan (\href{https://osf.io/zdche}{https://osf.io/zdche}) to create a large meta-dataset from the international literature on price elasticities of energy demand for heating and cooling of households and businesses. The dataset comprises 442 primary studies with more than 4971 price elasticity estimates\, their standard errors as well as relevant study and observation characteristics. We show that there is substantial publication bias with insignificant or positive elasticities being underreported. Thus\, the simple average of all estimates exaggerates the true short and long-run elasticities. Correcting for this bias\, the price elasticities are much closer to zero\, indicating a weaker effect of energy price rises on heating and cooling energy demand than previously expected.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/the-price-elasticity-of-heating-and-cooling-energy-demand-a-meta-analysis/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T153000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T170000
DTSTAMP:20240529T111830Z
CREATED:20240508T085201Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T111830Z
UID:10000063-1718119800-1718125200@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:State vs market: Do sources of energy price changes matter for demand elasticities?
DESCRIPTION:CO2 pricing via taxes or emission trading schemes (ETS) should create incentives for companies and individuals to reduce their carbon footprint. We exploit a large meta-dataset of price elasticities for heating and cooling energy sources. We compare elasticities from both state-led and market-led changes\, controlling for study-design characteristics. Our working hypothesis is that taxes and ETS have a stronger steering effect than energy price changes stemming from mere market price fluctuations\, in line with (Andersson 2019).
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/state-vs-market-do-sources-of-energy-price-changes-matter-for-demand-elasticities/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T153000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T170000
DTSTAMP:20240529T111751Z
CREATED:20240508T084946Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T111751Z
UID:10000062-1718119800-1718125200@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Spurious Precision in Meta-Analysis of Observational Research
DESCRIPTION:Meta-analysis upweights studies reporting lower standard errors and hence more precision. But in observational settings\, precision is not given to the researcher. Precision must be estimated\, and thus can be p-hacked to achieve statistical significance. Simulations and applications show that spurious precision can invalidate inverse-variance weighting and bias-correction methods based on the funnel\nplot. Selection models fail to solve the problem\, and common cures to publication bias can become worse than the disease. We introduce a novel approach that addresses spuriousness and limits the resulting bias in meta-analysis.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/spurious-precision-in-meta-analysis-of-observational-research/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T153000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T170000
DTSTAMP:20240529T111713Z
CREATED:20240508T084809Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T111713Z
UID:10000061-1718119800-1718125200@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:More Than Half of Statistically Significant Research Findings in the Environmental Sciences are Actually Not
DESCRIPTION:Researchers have incentives to search for and selectively report findings that appear to be statistically significant and/or conform to prior beliefs. Such selective reporting practices\, including p-hacking and publication bias\, can lead to a distorted set of results being published\, potentially undermining the process of knowledge accumulation and evidence-based decision making. We take stock of the state of empirical research in the environmental sciences using 67\,947 statistical tests obtained from 547 meta-analyses. We find that 59% of the p-values that were reported as significant are not actually expected to be statistically significant. The median power of these tests is between 6% to 12%\, which is the lowest yet identified for any discipline. Only 8% of tests are adequately powered with statistical power of 80% or more. Exploratory regressions suggest that increased statistical power and the use of experimental research designs reduce the extent of selective reporting. Differences between subfields can be mostly explained by methodological differences. To improve the environmental sciences evidence base\, researchers should pay more attention to statistical power\, but incentives for selective reporting may remain even with adequate statistical power. Ultimately\, a paradigm shift towards open science is needed to ensure the reliability of published empirical research.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/more-than-half-of-statistically-significant-research-findings-in-the-environmental-sciences-are-actually-not/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T153000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T170000
DTSTAMP:20240529T095236Z
CREATED:20240508T083447Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T095236Z
UID:10000053-1718119800-1718125200@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Evidence mapping of behavioral interventions to promote sustainable mobility behavior
DESCRIPTION:Behavioral interventions are considered promising approaches to promote pro-environmental behavior. Applying these interventions in high-emission sectors such as transportation could help mitigating climate change. While systematic evidence synthesis is important for a variety of stakeholders within and beyond academia\, to our knowledge there are few systematic reviews and no systematic map focusing on behavioral interventions such as choice architecture and nudging in the mobility sector. Moreover\, while various and complex behaviors are relevant\, the syntheses on mobility to date focus on a limited number of behaviors such as mode choice. Against this background\, it is the objective of this research project to collect and catalog existing empirical evidence on behavioral interventions targeting different mobility-related outcomes in multiple contexts that focus on reducing the negative environmental impact of transportation. Thus\, the study aims to identify existing research foci and remaining research gaps. For this reason\, the evidence synthesis takes the form of a systematic map as described by the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence (CEE). It also follows the RepOrting Standards for Systematic Evidence Synthesis (ROSES). Our search strategy includes searching in six bibliographic databases\, one search engine\, and one thesis repository. A supplementary search to find grey literature comprises a large set of organizational websites\, snowball sampling\, and expert consultations. Screening will follow a three-step approach based on pre-specified PICO-FS screening criteria\, followed by a narrative synthesis. The analyzes will summarize\, among other things\, the current state of research with respect to the behavioral interventions tested\, as well as the respective mobility behaviors and contexts in which these techniques were deployed.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/evidence-mapping-of-behavioral-interventions-to-promote-sustainable-mobility-behavior/
LOCATION:H 0107
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T153000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T170000
DTSTAMP:20240529T095147Z
CREATED:20240508T083345Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T095147Z
UID:10000052-1718119800-1718125200@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Rebound effect in the era of energy transition
DESCRIPTION:This paper conducts a meta-analysis on rebound effects regarding the energy transition for household end-use services toward renewable energies (including photovoltaic\, biomass\, green electricity\, and heat pumps). The biomass and heat pump potentially lead to the highest size of rebound effect (approximately 33%). In addition\, the rebound effect regarding green electricity is about 1–3 % and even 11 % for low-income households. Focusing on residential solar/photovoltaic technologies\, it varies from a negative amount to nearly 30%. Only the solar domain supplies enough sample size to do the meta-regression. This model shows predictor variables driving the solar rebound effect(SRE) (estimated at around 15.49%) are feed-in-tariff (FIT) and the renewable share. A marginal percent in the renewable share or a one-cent change in FIT could result in a corresponding increase of SRE 0.21% and 0.34%\, respectively.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/rebound-effect-in-the-era-of-energy-transition/
LOCATION:H 0107
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T153000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T170000
DTSTAMP:20240529T095106Z
CREATED:20240508T083221Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T095106Z
UID:10000051-1718119800-1718125200@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Encouraging structural changes to private homes to reduce carbon emissions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of (quasi-)experimental evidence
DESCRIPTION:Reducing emissions from the building sector is one of the key steps in combating climate change\, as the building sector is responsible for about 38% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Private households have opportunities to reduce a significant proportion of these emissions by improving the energy efficiency of their buildings\, e.g. by refurbishing their insulation or heating systems. While such structural changes provide societal benefits\, households may still decide against energy efficiency related renovations due to the associated financial burden or behavioral economic factors\, such as status quo bias\, hyperbolic discounting\, or a lack of information. This review aims to synthesize evidence on policy interventions that reduce such barriers and encourage households to implement energy efficiency improvements. With a machine learning assisted systematic review and meta-analysis\, this study will quantitatively evaluate relevant literature across domains and assess how these interventions affect households’ decision to renovate. Until WWCSS\, we aim to complete the first phases of screening and tagging of studies in order to present a preliminary overview and initial results.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/encouraging-structural-changes-to-private-homes-to-reduce-carbon-emissions-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-quasi-experimental-evidence/
LOCATION:H 0107
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T153000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T170000
DTSTAMP:20240529T095024Z
CREATED:20240508T083103Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T095024Z
UID:10000050-1718119800-1718125200@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Behavioural interventions change transport behavior but have only a limited impact on transport mode split
DESCRIPTION:Prevalent systems of land transport\, centred around automobility\, are energy inefficient and involve high economic\, health and GHG emissions-related costs. As one class of solutions\, demand-side behavioural change interventions (or soft policy interventions) are promoted to reduce car use and shift travellers to low-carbon transport modes. However\, the relative effectiveness of such interventions in initiating transport behaviour change has not been evaluated systematically. Here\, we conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the evidence on behavioural interventions in changing transport-related behavioural patterns. Relying on 37 literature reviews and 41 additional new studies\, we identify more than 450 cases of behavioural interventions. Our analysis reveals that behavioural measures are effective in increasing the percentage growth of public transit and active transport mode use as well as decreasing car use at the personal level. However\, their effectiveness in shifting commuters away from cars to more sustainable modes of transport at the aggregate level is limited. Our findings suggest that behavioural interventions have a role to play in reducing the health\, economic and environmental costs of car-centric transportation systems. We find that\, under the best-case scenario\, behavioural interventions can contribute up to a 5% per cent reduction of global GHG emissions from urban transport\, or about 150Mt CO2/yr\, a notable but limited potential compared to the reductions necessary to meet sectoral goals. Critical analysis of studies in our review indicates that interdisciplinary researchers interested in these issues should take a more strategic and rigorous approach—better study designs\, more representative samples\, and consideration of infrastructure effects—to determine which interventions are most effective in tackling multi-faceted urban transport issues.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/behavioural-interventions-change-transport-behavior-but-have-only-a-limited-impact-on-transport-mode-split/
LOCATION:H 0107
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T150000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T163000
DTSTAMP:20240609T113327Z
CREATED:20240508T144916Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240609T113327Z
UID:10000222-1718118000-1718123400@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Offsetting and insetting in city net-zero plans
DESCRIPTION:To contribute to Paris Agreement objectives\, non-state actors globally are increasingly developing voluntary emission reduction goals. Cities represent an important group with net-zero or similar plans\, but significant variation exists in how they intend to meet these targets. A lack of research exists on the role of carbon offsetting (carbon dioxide removal or avoided emissions outside the city’s geographic boundaries) and insetting (carbon dioxide removal within the city’s boundaries) in city net-zero plans. However\, better understanding these strategies can help inform future policy on effective climate mitigation by cities. This study uses a mixed-method design to explore how cities use offsetting and insetting. The NetZero Tracker has reviewed 1186 net-zero plans of cities around the world. We use regression analysis to explore what factors (e.g. population size\, GDP\, ambition of climate commitment) are associated with cities’ choice of emission compensation strategies. Focusing then on only cities that include offsetting or insetting in their climate plan\, we conduct a document analysis and code key themes in city plans as they relate to emissions compensation strategies. Preliminary results show that of the 66 cities which plan to use offsetting\, most intend to prioritise emissions reductions but recognize that compensation strategies will be needed to offset remaining emissions. The majority intend to acquire offsets at or around their target year to cancel these emissions\, indicating a risk of only compensating in the last year. Further\, most recognize the need to develop guidelines around the use of offsetting\, but few have yet done so. Our study further explores whether and how the ambition level of city climate commitments is correlated with their use of offsetting or insetting. This research provides new insights into offsetting and insetting by cities\, which we hope will contribute to future policy development of city net-zero strategies.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/offsetting-and-insetting-in-city-net-zero-plans/
LOCATION:H 3005
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T142000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T150000
DTSTAMP:20240609T132405Z
CREATED:20240522T104624Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240609T132405Z
UID:10000275-1718115600-1718118000@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Panel -  The Global Adaptation Tracking Initiative – challenges & opportunities
DESCRIPTION:Panelists: Tabea Lissner (Global Solutions Initiative)\, Chandni Singh (Indian Institute for Human Settlements)\, Portia Adade Williams (ASCEND; CSIR-STEPRI)\, Ken Chomitz (Global Innovation Fund)  \nModerator: Jenn Thornhill Verma (McMaster Health Forum)
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/panel-the-global-adaptation-tracking-initiative-challenges-opportunities/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
CATEGORIES:Panel
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T140000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T142000
DTSTAMP:20240609T132323Z
CREATED:20240522T104920Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240609T132323Z
UID:10000276-1718114400-1718115600@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Keynote - Title tbd.
DESCRIPTION:Tabea Lissner is a Research Director of the Global Solutions Initiative Foundation in Berlin.\nFollowed by a panel on The Global Adaptation Tracking Initiative – challenges & opportunities
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/keynote-tabea-lissner/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
CATEGORIES:Keynote
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T110104Z
CREATED:20240508T153429Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T110104Z
UID:10000255-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Innovations in Climate Evaluation and Synthesis: Leveraging Remote Sensing and Machine Learning for Climate Solutions
DESCRIPTION:Increased availability of and access to satellite and remotely sensed data have paved the way for innovations in methods and tools for climate evaluation. These have allowed us to observe\, measure\, and evaluate the impact of climate change on humans and ecosystems at a relatively low cost. High-resolution and frequent observations from satellites have facilitated the creation of wide ranging and precise proxy indicators (complementary to traditional on-the-ground measures) to observe environmental outcomes such as carbon emissions\, land use changes\, and vegetation health. The volume of available data has enabled the training of robust machine learning models\, allowing for more accurate classification\, detection\, and prediction tasks in geospatial analysis. \nIn this presentation\, we explore the pivotal role of these innovations in enhancing climate evaluation methodologies and driving informed\, evidence-based decision-making in climate policy. In doing so\, we share an interface called “Remote Sensing Indicators for Development”\, a resource compiling existing literature\, empirical applications\, and guidance on the use of remote sensing and machine learning in evidence generation and synthesis. We showcase the multifaceted ways in which researchers may use this resource in their own work – to further their understanding of the distinctions and the comparability between various remotely sensed indices\, including their advantages and disadvantages\, and to determine which indices may be used for ML-based prediction in regions where data is lacking. This presentation fills a critical knowledge gap by offering a comprehensive resource that explores the spectrum of applications that leverage remote sensing indicators and machine learning in climate evaluation.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/innovations-in-climate-evaluation-and-synthesis-leveraging-remote-sensing-and-machine-learning-for-climate-solutions/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T105912Z
CREATED:20240508T153114Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T105912Z
UID:10000252-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Framing Political Communication on Climate Change: A Topic Modeling Analysis of German Governmental Institutions' Press Releases
DESCRIPTION:Beyond designing climate policies\, the communication strategies and storytelling approaches employed by policymakers largely shape public engagement in climate mitigation and adaptation activities. This is due to the fact that communication design impacts the decision-making processes of information recipients\, a phenomenon known as choice architecture\, thereby influencing individual attitudes\, behaviors\, and actions. In an effort to understand the nature and impact of German political climate communications\, this research analyzes climate-related press releases from the German Federal Government (Bundeskanzleramt) and all 15 ministries to uncover key patterns\, narratives\, frames\, and sentiments. A comprehensive text dataset was constructed via scraping the publicly available press releases from the websites of each governmental institution\, in addition to requesting those press release texts per email from the institutions directly in cases of difficulties in scraping or missing documents online. The resulting dataset of press releases for the three-year timeframe 2021-2023 (n = 9707)\, which is limited to the current legislative period\, was then filtered for documents relevant to climate change\, resulting in a final dataset of 3082 documents. Those documents are currently being analyzed using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling\, comparing and contrasting emerging communication patterns between 1) individual political institutions and 2) political parties and stakeholders\, as well as mapping the development of those topics over time. The results are positioned to enable a deeper understanding of the impact of those communications\, promote learning among the various political actors\, and support the improvement of future communication designs to better achieve desired sustainability goals.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/framing-political-communication-on-climate-change-a-topic-modeling-analysis-of-german-governmental-institutions-press-releases/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T105841Z
CREATED:20240508T153016Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T105841Z
UID:10000251-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Mapping the Climate Literature
DESCRIPTION:Synthesis reports\, such as those by the IPCC\, aim to faithfully provide a complete overview of the entire scientific landscape on climate change. However\, the sheer amount of literature on climate-relevant topics is massive and\, at the same time\, is growing exponentially each year. Therefore\, authors of such reports often rely on existing maps\, reviews\, and meta-analyses.\nHere\, we provide an analysis of the coverage of the literature on climate change by the IPCC. To do so\, we identify synthesis articles cited in IPCC reports and compose a corpus of primary literature these cited articles based their analysis on. We explore the breadth and depth of topics this literature covers and compare the overlap to existing maps of the climate literature and results from queries in scholarly search engines using a comprehensive list of climate-relevant keywords.\nWe aim to show that this methodology can identify potential gaps in the coverage of large-scale synthesis reports to improve future iterations.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/mapping-the-climate-literature/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T105809Z
CREATED:20240508T152912Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T105809Z
UID:10000250-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:ChatNetZero: Harnessing Large-Language Models for Synthesizing Evidence to Evaluate Non-State Actors' Climate Actions
DESCRIPTION:Large language models (LLMs) that power generative AI technologies like ChatGPT and Bard can analyze vasts amounts of textual data to generate easy to understand insights in human prose. But these technologies have also been demonstrated to hallucinate\, generating convincing but false answers; prone to bias\, and difficult to unpack due to the “black box” nature of their underlying models. Particularly with respect to complex domain-specific issues like climate change\, generic LLMs have been demonstrated to produce questionable and often inaccurate interpretations\, highlighting the need for specialized models or fine-tuning to ensure reliable insights and informed analyses. Specifically\, addressing the challenge of parsing and evaluating climate actions by corporations and other non-state actors\, which can range from greenwashing to mere window dressing\, proves challenging due to the heterogeneous nature and time-consuming process of assessing diverse documents. Here we introduce ChatNetZero\, a fine-tuned LLM\, trained on verified analyses and third-party\, scientific assessments of non-state climate actions and policies\, to demonstrate the potential and limitations of utilizing LLMs and generative AI more broadly as an evidence synthesis tool. We will introduce the methodology\, highlight specific use cases\, and share validation metrics for ChatNetZero’s frameworks addressing hallucination and greenwashing\, employing human-in-the-loop validation and perplexity testing.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/chatnetzero-harnessing-large-language-models-for-synthesizing-evidence-to-evaluate-non-state-actors-climate-actions/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T105633Z
CREATED:20240508T151035Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T105633Z
UID:10000237-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Policy portfolios can reduce GHG emissions in urban transport in 120 cities by 20% while improving welfare
DESCRIPTION:City-level policies are increasingly recognized as key components of strategies to reduce transport greenhouse gas emissions. However\, at a global scale\, their total efficiencies\, costs and practical feasibility remain unclear. Here we use a spatially explicit monocentric urban economic model\, systematically calibrated on 120 cities worldwide\, to analyse the impact of four representative policies aimed at mitigating transportation greenhouse gas emissions\, also accounting for their economic welfare impacts and health co-benefits. Applying these policies in all cities\, we find that total transportation greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by 31% in 15 years\, compared with the baseline scenario. However\, the consequences of the same policies vary widely between cities\, with specific effects depending on the policy considered\, income level\, population growth rate\, spatial organization and existing public transport supply. Impacts on transport emissions span from high to almost zero\, and consequences in terms of welfare can either be positive or negative. Applying welfare-increasing policy portfolios captures most of the emission reductions: overall\, they reduce emissions by 22% in 15 years. Our results highlight that there is no one-size-fits-all policy. However\, with context-specific strategies\, large emission reductions can globally be achieved while improving welfare.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/policy-portfolios-can-reduce-ghg-emissions-in-urban-transport-in-120-cities-by-20-while-improving-welfare/
LOCATION:H 3005
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T105604Z
CREATED:20240508T150921Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T105604Z
UID:10000236-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Designing policies to enable equitable and beneficial electrification in the U.S.
DESCRIPTION:Electrifying household energy use is a key policy lever for addressing the climate crisis. However\, there are many challenges to designing policies to promote beneficial electrification that reduces greenhouse gas emissions while also advancing health\, equity\, and affordability goals. This research focuses on the case of the United States\, where one billion household machines – from cars to furnaces to stoves – currently run on fossil fuels. Additionally\, one in three U.S. households report difficulty paying their energy bills\, and low-income households may be less likely to adopt new technologies. New policies such as the Inflation Reduction Act provide opportunities to address these inequities but may exacerbate them without careful implementation. \nHere we focus on the electrification challenge in U.S. cities. We begin with a detailed case study of Massachusetts\, a leader in state and local climate action that faces multiple electrification challenges\, including aging fossil fuel infrastructure and high demand for home heating. We use this case explore the effects of local policy actions to reduce methane emissions from natural gas systems while simultaneously advancing net zero and electrification goals. Our analysis combines engineering and infrastructure models\, household property data\, document and legal analysis\, and qualitative interviews to characterize inequities in electrification and the effects of fossil fuel stranded assets on low-income communities. \nWe then extend this analysis beyond Massachusetts to examine electrification challenges across the United States. We find evidence of inequities in access to a key electrification technology\, air source heat pumps\, across low-income and minority communities – and show that uncoordinated policies could result in substantial increases in energy bills for households that cannot electrify. We then discuss innovative community electrification solutions that can enable cities to simultaneously promote equity and climate goals.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/designing-policies-to-enable-equitable-and-beneficial-electrification-in-the-u-s/
LOCATION:H 3005
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T105529Z
CREATED:20240508T150815Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T105529Z
UID:10000235-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Neighborhood-Scale Building Decarbonization: A Strategy for Eliminating Emissions from the Built Environment to Meet Our Climate Goals
DESCRIPTION:Credible\, at-scale solutions for eliminating emissions from buildings are still in their infancy. Building decarbonization was cited only once—in a footnote—in the IPCC 6th assessment. However\, attention to building decarbonization among policymakers and private sector practitioners is growing\, especially in the U.S. This focus is necessary\, as we need to decarbonize buildings to achieve local\, national\, and international climate goals. In the U.S.\, the built environment accounts for approx. 35% of economy-wide emissions. \nNew movements can pose an evidence synthesis challenge. Lack of published research\, a steep learning curve\, and a tendency to ignore relevant historical precedents can constrain the theory of change for the movement. The Building Decarbonization Coalition (BDC) addresses these gaps by drawing together a broad coalition of stakeholders to create and share knowledge. BDC’s membership consists of nearly 400 entities—ranging from multinational corporations like Daikin and Rheem to municipal governments\, utilities\, and individual practitioners—who are united in their commitment to reducing and eliminating emissions from the built environment. \nAt the What Works Climate Solutions Summit\, we seek to present our findings from a trailblazing new investigation into neighborhood-scale building decarbonization\, which is a set of tactics for transitioning thousands of buildings off the methane gas distribution network at once\, instead of relying on millions of individual consumers to independently decide to electrify their equipment. We’ve interviewed hundreds of knowledgeable stakeholders across the U.S. to gather and synthesize information that cannot be found in a Google search or academic journal. We have also combed through extensive regulatory proceedings\, legislative agendas\, and gas company records to surface key insights that have been buried in bureaucracy. We are excited to share these findings with the international climate community so that we can build on this knowledge to evolve our strategy from neighborhood scale to planetary scale.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/neighborhood-scale-building-decarbonization-a-strategy-for-eliminating-emissions-from-the-built-environment-to-meet-our-climate-goals/
LOCATION:H 3005
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T105505Z
CREATED:20240508T150704Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T105505Z
UID:10000234-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Fuel Economy Standards and Public Transport
DESCRIPTION:Corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards are a major environmental policy measure in both the EU and US. They require car producers to reach a fleet-wide level of average fuel efficiency. To design effective and efficient climate policies for the transport sector\, it is important to understand the relevant channels of fuel economy standards on welfare and emissions. The main focus in the conventional literature is on the welfare cost of compliance occurring in the automobile market from adjusting engine technology\, car features and pricing schedules. But fuel economy standards also reduce the marginal cost of driving and thus provide an incentive for households to switch their transport mode more often away from public transport to individual driving. By considering these shifting mode choices and their interactions with the urban form\, we identify and examine a new channel of fuel economy standards on welfare and emissions. To this end\, we incorporate public transport\, mode choice and vehicle choice into a monocentric city model that we calibrate with empirically justified parameters and solve numerically.\nOn the one hand\, fuel economy standards\, on average\, increase vehicle purchase costs. On the other hand\, they reduce the marginal cost of driving and\, thus\, provide an incentive for households to switch their transport mode choice more often away from public transport to individual driving. This causes additional carbon emissions and undermines the climate policy goals. Since the variable and fixed costs of the transit system must be covered by fewer passengers\, ticket prices rise endogenously\, making public transport use less attractive. The resulting feedback loop additionally exacerbates the mode switching behavior towards individual driving and the corresponding increase in emissions. We find welfare costs of 1056US$ p.p.p.a. for a 50% emission reduction considering mode choice\, vehicle choice\, ticket prices and adjustment of the urban form.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/fuel-economy-standards-and-public-transport/
LOCATION:H 3005
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T105424Z
CREATED:20240508T150553Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T105424Z
UID:10000233-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Charging ahead: Firm-level optimisation strategies for sustainable and cost-effective electric vehicle workplace charging
DESCRIPTION:Decarbonising the transportation sector is forecasted to result in a substantial increase in total electricity demand\, mainly incurred from charging electric vehicles (EVs). In an effort to reduce scope 3 emissions\, firms are building up extensive workplace charging infrastructure to encourage employees’ update of EVs. However\, many businesses tend to underestimate the impact of EV charging loads on the site’s overall electricity consumption profile at scale. In this paper we present the results of a case study which was carried out between the Oxford Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Impact Lab and a global car manufacturing firm with a large production site in southern Oxford\, UK. Drawing from Operations Research methods\, we compute quantitative estimates of sustainable (CO2 minimal) and cost-effective charging strategies by comparatively assessing the value of smart and bidirectional (V2X) charging\, benchmarked against the case of uncontrolled (dumb) charging. We found that smart- and bidirectional charging can reduce peak demand by -45% and -21%\, respectively. Moreover\, implementing a CO2-minimal charging strategy leads to -32% lower emissions while generating overall cost savings of -0.12 £/kWh. Our results demonstrate that the use of digital technologies at different application levels\, ranging from foundational optimisation algorithms to user-facing consumer apps as means to collect minimum battery state-of-charge (SoC) preferences\, offers substantial value in monetary and environmental terms. Drawing from this case study based on real-world empirical data\, we anticipate more businesses to follow suit by actively considering the implementation of digital software solutions for managing EV charging loads as equal counterpart to the rollout of charging hardware infrastructure. Moreover\, our study serves as blueprint for policymakers to incentivise firms and individuals to adopt digital technologies when managing EV workplace charging cycles which\, at scale\, facilitates the integration of renewable energy into the grid while simultaneously decreasing the need for substantial grid expansion.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/charging-ahead-firm-level-optimisation-strategies-for-sustainable-and-cost-effective-electric-vehicle-workplace-charging/
LOCATION:H 3005
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T105208Z
CREATED:20240508T150435Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T105208Z
UID:10000232-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:A Graph Neural Network Approach to Citywide Cycling Infrastructure Prioritization
DESCRIPTION:Increasing the share of cycling in urban areas has many benefits. Cycling improves the quality of life by reducing noise and air pollution\, improves individual health and\, most importantly\, reduces greenhouse gas emissions. The most important lever for promoting cycling is the improvement of cycling infrastructure. However\, public opinion is often deeply divided\, especially when it comes to allocating scarce resources\, such as funding and space\, between motorized traffic and cycling. Bridging this divide requires a nuanced approach to synthesizing evidence-based evidence for policymakers. To this end\, we seek to provide decision-makers with accurate citywide estimates of bicycle volumes that indicate areas where prioritized bicycle infrastructure improvements would be most beneficial.\nThe city of Berlin currently monitors bicycle movement at a mere 20 locations. We extrapolate cycling volumes from these locations to the entire cityscape at the street level\, using newly available data and state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms. In addition to infrastructure and weather indicators\, we use data from Strava\, a crowdsourced platform that allows users to track cycling activity. Across multiple publications\, Strava data is a promising indicator of overall cycling and is particularly useful because it provides street-level information. We combine this data with graph neural networks. This machine learning technique is particularly suited for extrapolating motorized traffic volumes\, as it is adept at capturing spatial and temporal dependencies and thereby captures the dependency dynamics of traffic data ideally.\nOur research is the first foray into harnessing the computational power of graph neural networks to extrapolate citywide bicycle volumes. Our work is currently still at an early stage\, but the positive initial results suggest that leveraging graph neural networks for estimating citywide bicycle volumes outperforms various baselines and has the potential to significantly inform evidence-based decisions on where to prioritize cycling infrastructure improvements in urban areas.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/a-graph-neural-network-approach-to-citywide-cycling-infrastructure-prioritization/
LOCATION:H 3005
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T093824Z
CREATED:20240508T142812Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T093824Z
UID:10000219-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Mapping the evidence of novel plant-based foods: A systematic review of nutritional\, health\, and environmental impacts in high-income countries
DESCRIPTION:Background: Shifting from current dietary patterns to diets rich in plant-based PB) foods and lower in animal-based foods (ABF) is generally regarded as a suitable strategy to improve nutritional health and reduce environmental impacts. Despite the recent growth in supply and demand of novel plant-based foods (NPBF)\, a comprehensive overview is lacking. Objectives: The aim of this review is to synthesise available evidence\, highlight challenges\, inform public health and environmental strategies and inform purposeful political decision making\, by systematically searching\, analysing and summarising the literature. Methods: We rigorously searched five peer-reviewed databases and grey literature sources for publications (2016 – 2022) that addressed the nutrient composition\, health effects\, and carbon footprints of NPBF in high-income countries. Results: We identified 57 peer-reviewed and 36 grey literature sources. We observed that NPBF typically have substantially lower environmental impacts than ABF\, but the nutritional contents are complex and varied considerably across brands\, product type and main primary ingredient. In the limited evidence on the health impacts\, shifts from ABF to PB meats were associated with positive health outcomes. However\, for PB drinks it was more mixed\, with some linked to micronutrient deficiencies. Conclusion: If carefully selected\, certain NPBF have the potential to be a healthier and nutrient-rich alternative to ABF\, and typically have lower environmental footprints. More disaggregated categorisation of various types of NPBF would be a helpful step in guiding consumers and key stakeholders to make informed decisions. Recommendations: To enable informed policymaking on the inclusion of NPBF in dietary transitions as part of a wider net-zero and health strategy\, future priorities should include nutritional food standards\, labelling and sub-division/categorisations of NPBF\, as well as short and long-term studies evaluating the health impacts on dietary shifts from ABF to NPBF and standardised environmental impact assessments\, ideally from independent funders.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/mapping-the-evidence-of-novel-plant-based-foods-a-systematic-review-of-nutritional-health-and-environmental-impacts-in-high-income-countries/
LOCATION:H 0112
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240609T114230Z
CREATED:20240508T142710Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240609T114230Z
UID:10000218-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Database coverage of primary studies included in evidence syntheses on climate-health
DESCRIPTION:Background\nHigh-quality evidence syntheses (ES) on climate-health are vital for policy making. To inform ES search methods it is important to assess the relevance of literature databases for this topic. \nObjectives\nOur aim was to assess the database coverage of a comprehensive set of primary studies included in published ES on climate-health. We investigated their coverage in PubMed and assessed if studies not indexed in PubMed were available in the Global Health database. \nMethods\nWe searched for climate-health related ES in MEDLINE\, Embase\, CINAHL\, Cochrane Library and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses in February 2021. The search yielded 8614 records after deduplication. 110 climate-health related ES were identified. We extracted all primary studies from the first 79 ES\, sorted by number of included studies. As climate change impacts human health via several pathways\, we classified each study according to exposure pathway. We examined the availability of each study in PubMed\, and if this was not the case\, we tested its availability in Global Health. \nResults\nWe extracted 2324 primary studies\, of which 1936 were relevant to a specific climate-health exposure pathway. The range of primary studies available for our analysis per pathway was 73 to 439. For three pathways (air quality\, heat stress\, water quality & quantity) PubMed coverage was very high\, at 91-94%. For another three pathways PubMed coverage was between 81-82% (extreme weather events\, food supply & safety\, vector distribution & ecology). Only the social factors pathway had an exceptionally low PubMed coverage of 40%. Half of the studies not available in PubMed were indexed in the Global Health database. \nConclusions\nPubMed coverage of climate-health primary studies is mostly comprehensive\, with a marked variability between three pathway clusters. Global Health can be recommended as secondary database. For some pathways additional sources are needed to identify all relevant studies.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/database-coverage-of-primary-studies-included-in-evidence-syntheses-on-climate-health/
LOCATION:H 0112
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T104937Z
CREATED:20240508T142553Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T104937Z
UID:10000217-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:AI-driven data complementarity to support international researchers in climate\, health\, and agriculture
DESCRIPTION:The potential for AI to support decision making in international development for climate\, health\, agriculture and associated domains is significant\, but the bias within current AI models favour data and use cases from high-income countries means that there is limited potential to satisfy the needs and requirements of users\, data stakeholders and communities in low- and middle-income countries. Elements of AI-driven data complementarity\, where data from one system can be optimised with data from another to produce new and novel knowledge\, offer an opportunity to not only increase the volume\, but also the diversity of data. This is especially important for the integration of data from low- and middle-income country partners\, who may have valuable data to contribute but lack infrastructure and systems to help make the data more widely available to the broader world\, resulting in an imbalance of ideas and innovation. Significant gaps within the data available to AI models impact the way that innovative AI-driven technologies identify existing and emerging challenges and hinder the solutions that are subsequently developed. For instance\, more than 450 organizations across 25 African countries maintain high-quality data-rich research repositories that\, due to outdated infrastructure and limited resources\, keep them from readily contributing to integrated global platforms including climate change guidance and recommendations for policy makers. Similar issues exist across low- and-middle income countries in Asia\, Latin America\, and the Middle East. In this session\, we will discuss new tools an approaches from the Juno Evidence Alliance that try to ensure AI-based analyses and the large-language models (LLMS) integrate diversity of data in ethical\, responsible ways.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/ai-driven-data-complementarity-to-support-international-researchers-in-climate-health-and-agriculture/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240609T114418Z
CREATED:20240508T141324Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240609T114418Z
UID:10000209-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Evidence mapping - Quantitative synthesis/meta-analysis Systematic review of effectiveness of interventions to reduce carbon-emissions within secondary healthcare: issues with conducting reliable primary research and identifying trustworthy findings
DESCRIPTION:Healthcare services contribute 1% -5% towards global environmental impacts. The Climate Change Act (2008) set targets for the 100% reduction of 1990 carbon emission level in England by 2050.3 Work identifying and delivering interventions to reduce carbon emissions within healthcare supply chains and models of care delivery\, is underway.\nTo complement this work\, we aimed to systematically review primary-evidence examining intervention effectiveness in reducing the carbon footprint for medical specialities within secondary healthcare settings. We searched four bibliographic databases covering health care and environmental sciences\, including MEDLINE and Embase\, Environment Complete and Science Citation Index database. We conducted backward/forward citation searching and searched relevant websites\, Google Search\, and checked relevant systematic reviews\, and the Healthcare Life-cycle Assessment (LCA) database. Two reviewers independently undertook title and abstract and full-text screening\, resolving disagreements through discussion. One reviewer data-extracted all studies\, and quality-appraised LCA studies with a tool based upon Weideima’s guidelines\, which was checked by a second. Findings were tabulated and synthesised narratively.\n88 studies (92 articles) met eligibility criteria across five intervention categories: Accessing care (n=39)\, Product level (n=22)\, Multiple (n=10)\, Care Delivery (n=9) and Setting (n=12). Urology (n=14)\, Gastroenterology (n=13) and Oncology/Radiation oncology (n=13) were the most common specialities represented. 25 articles used LCA methods\, with the highest number in urology product-level interventions (n=7). The most common type of intervention was telemedicine (n=26\, including 3 LCAs). Studies conducted using LCA and non-LCA methods contained common methodological flaws\, making it difficult to accurately determine the systemic impact of interventions intended to reduce carbon-emissions. This has important implications regarding a) ensuring those conducting carbon-emission reduction projects within healthcare settings possess the required skills/knowledge on how to do so b) reflecting on how policy makers can best make use of the evidence available and c) ensuring future research addresses the methodological limitations identified.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/evidence-mapping-quantitative-synthesis-meta-analysis-systematic-review-of-effectiveness-of-interventions-to-reduce-carbon-emissions-within-secondary-healthcare-issues-with-conducting-reliable-prim/
LOCATION:H 0112
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240609T114342Z
CREATED:20240508T141101Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240609T114342Z
UID:10000207-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Double Impact: Reducing low-value care - A win-win for patients and the planet: A rapid scoping review
DESCRIPTION:Background: The health care industry is the fifth-largest contributor worldwide to CO2 emissions. Therefore\, health systems need to curb CO2 emissions to become environmentally sustainable. We conducted a scoping review to identify literature on (1) the environmental impacts of de-implementation of low-value health care (LVC) and (2) the environmental sustainability of alternative solutions for health care (e.g.\, devices\, medications).\nMethods: We searched Ovid MEDLINE® and Scopus (Elsevier) from January 2015 up to 19 June 2023 and consulted experts as additional search strategy. We conducted dual and then single reviewing against a priori defined criteria. One reviewer extracted data\, and a second reviewer checked approximately 10% of the data extractions. We used summary statistics to describe the results narratively.\nResults: We included 187 articles. Among those\, seven studies focussed on de-implementation of LVC (e.g.\, laboratory tests\, diagnostic imaging procedures). The other identified studies examined the following health care practices in relation to their environmental impacts: consultation – travel/telecare (32%)\, surgical and medical devices (26%)\, medication (25%)\, surgical procedures (19%) and diagnostic tests/screening/imaging (13%). Life cycle assessments and other modelling studies were the most applied study designs. Most studies were conducted in Europe (48%)\, followed by the USA (37%)\, Australia (9%) and Canada (4%). 75% of the studies were published after 2020. The reported outcomes fell into the following categories: global warming (89%)\, other negative environmental impact (35%)\, resource consumption (28%)\, and chemical hazards (22%).\nConclusion: We identified a steady rise in publications on this topic since 2020. This is indicative of a large and growing scientific interest in environmental sustainability and may be useful as base for further action. De-implementation of LVC seems to be beneficial in two respects: It protects patients from useless or even harmful interventions and can also reduce CO2 emissions of health care.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/double-impact-reducing-low-value-care-a-win-win-for-patients-and-the-planet-a-rapid-scoping-review/
LOCATION:H 0112
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240609T114308Z
CREATED:20240508T140939Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240609T114308Z
UID:10000206-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:The effectiveness of mobile app-based interventions in nudging towards sustainable and healthy diets: a systematic review and meta-analysis
DESCRIPTION:One third of all greenhouse gas emissions come from the way we produce and consume food\, and current diets are insufficient to meet environmental and health goals. Given the ubiquity of smartphone usage\, apps delivering effective\, engaging nudges could be a scalable and promising solution. However\, the complexity of apps makes it difficult for stakeholders to prioritise. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effectiveness of mobile apps for promoting sustainable dietary consumption across five food groups.\nSeven electronic databases (MEDLINE\, EMBASE\, PsycINFO\, CINAHL\, Global Health\, GreenFILE\, Web of Science) and two trial registries (Cochrane Trials and Clinicaltrials.gov) were systematically searched for interventional studies\, characterised according to their use of strategies to facilitate behaviour change.\nFourteen of 5261 identified records were included\, comprising 12 randomised controlled trials and two pre-post trials\, with a total of 7826 participants and sample sizes ranging from 17 to 5062. Five studies recruited the general population\, three recruited students\, and six recruited overweight or obese adults\, three of which targeted lower socioeconomic groups. Interventions lasted from three days to 24 weeks\, with the most common strategy being self-monitoring\, followed by messaging\, goal-setting\, and social support. An increase was observed in daily fruit and vegetable consumption (0.43 servings\, 95% CI 0.18\, 0.68)\, vegetables separately (0.35 servings\, 95% CI 0.07\, 0.63)\, and legumes (0.04 servings\, 95% CI 0.01\, 0.08)\, with smaller increases in fruit (0.03 servings\, 95% CI 0.01\, 0.05) and meat consumption (-0.03 servings\, 95% CI -0.06\, -0.01).\nOur findings indicate that smartphone apps could play a role in accelerating dietary change\, particularly for fruits\, vegetables\, and legumes\, but these changes alone will not make diets more sustainable without meat and dairy reduction. These insights could be used by health practitioners and policymakers when considering apps in their suite of solutions for improving climate and health.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/the-effectiveness-of-mobile-app-based-interventions-in-nudging-towards-sustainable-and-healthy-diets-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/
LOCATION:H 0112
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T111008Z
CREATED:20240508T093727Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T111008Z
UID:10000090-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:An Evidence and Gap Map of the ex-post literature on carbon pricing
DESCRIPTION:After more than 30 years of experience with implemented climate policies and a rapid growth in the scientific literature on these policies\, there is little overview about what policies have been empirically assessed for which policy outcomes. This may lead to duplicated research efforts and hinder rigorous syntheses of available evidence. To identify crucial research gaps and to lead the way towards ecosystems of reviews\, we compile an evidence and gap map focussing on ex-post policy assessments of carbon taxes and emission trading schemes. Preliminary results show that the scientific attention is heavily focussed on emission trading schemes in China and the EU\, while for many of the other 60 carbon pricing schemes the evidence is limited to no or very few scientific publications. We identify large bodies of evidence (>200 publications) which have not yet been synthesised in rigorous systematic reviews for the outcome categories competitiveness of firms and economies\, firm behaviour\, innovation and investment\, as well as price transmission to goods and services. We will provide the evidence and gap map as an interactive tool and accessible database to inform future research and to be used as a source for evidence syntheses on carbon pricing policies.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/an-evidence-and-gap-map-of-the-ex-post-literature-on-carbon-pricing/
LOCATION:H 0107
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T110933Z
CREATED:20240508T093606Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T110933Z
UID:10000089-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:How effective were the Chinese regional emissions-trading schemes? A meta-analytic answer
DESCRIPTION:China is by far the largest CO2 emitter in the world and its emissions keep on rising. This makes China the single-most important country to study the effectiveness of national mitigation policies. One key pillar in China’s effort to reach its Paris targets while maintaining rapid economic growth are emissions-trading schemes (ETS). Starting in 2013\, China introduced several regional ETS to inform the introduction of a national ETS. Until the latter was rolled out in 2021\, the regional ETS combined were the second-largest ETS in the world. Utilizing China’s regional ETS as unique quasi-natural experiments\, a large strand of literature has emerged to rigorously study their effectiveness. In this study\, we systematically synthesize the existing evidence from publications written in English and Chinese.\nWhile most studies find that the regional ETS did reduce CO2 emissions\, the estimated magnitude of this effect varies greatly. Synthesizing estimates from more than 60 studies through meta-analysis\, we find that the true effect of the regional pilots under the assumption of no bias would be an overall reduction of around 14% over a period of around five years. This would imply effectiveness similar to what an OECD report estimated for the second phase of the EU-ETS (Dechezleprêtre et al.\, 2018). Worryingly\, there is strong evidence for a small-study effect\, possibly due to publication bias. In order to design future policies\, it is important to account for the possibility of publication bias in primary studies. Doing so leads to more pessimistic expectations of what the Chinese ETS may contribute to climate-change mitigation.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/how-effective-were-the-chinese-regional-emissions-trading-schemes-a-meta-analytic-answer/
LOCATION:H 0107
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR