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X-WR-CALDESC:Events for What Works
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TZID:Europe/Berlin
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T120000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T133000
DTSTAMP:20240531T074504Z
CREATED:20240508T073817Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240531T074504Z
UID:10000023-1718193600-1718199000@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Measuring transition progress through systemic indicators: tracking carbon emissions overestimates actual energy transition progress
DESCRIPTION:
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/measuring-transition-progress-through-systemic-indicators-tracking-carbon-emissions-overestimates-actual-energy-transition-progress/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T120000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T133000
DTSTAMP:20240531T074430Z
CREATED:20240508T073640Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240531T074430Z
UID:10000022-1718193600-1718199000@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Phasing out coal: technology\, policy and justice
DESCRIPTION:Rapid phase-out of coal power is essential for achieving climate targets. Here\, we synthesize historical evidence on coal decline and phase-out to develop realistic scenarios and inform future policies. \nWe identify 43 countries that have pledged to stop using coal by a specified date. We show that such pledges were initially made by wealthy countries that produce and use little coal\, and only after their coal use had already peaked and begun to decline. Over time\, these pledges expanded to countries with lower incomes and larger reliance on coal. Still\, the planned coal phase-out is not faster than what has been observed historically and is not sufficient to deliver on Paris climate targets. Additionally\, the largest coal users including India and China are yet to pledge a definite coal phase-out. We show that in a scenario where these economies phase out coal as fast as planned in Germany\, emissions from burning coal would be compatible with 2°C-2.5°C warming. \nSuch ambitious coal phase-out would require just transition policies compensating negatively affected workers\, communities\, and companies. To estimate the likely cost of such compensation\, we build the first database of coal phase-out compensation policies worldwide. We show that all countries with notable coal phase-out pledges plan just transition compensations\, globally amounting to over $200 bln. The size of compensation is roughly proportional to the emissions avoided as a result of enforcing coal phase-out and is comparable to recent carbon prices under the EU’s Emissions Trading Scheme. We show that if China and India pursue coal phase-out in line with Paris climate targets and implement compensation similar to that observed in other countries\, the required financial resources would be as large as already pledged climate finance to all developing countries. \nWe conclude with policy recommendations on accelerating coal phase-out and just transition policies.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/phasing-out-coal-technology-policy-and-justice/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T120000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T133000
DTSTAMP:20240531T074359Z
CREATED:20240508T073520Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240531T074359Z
UID:10000021-1718193600-1718199000@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Feasible deployment of carbon capture and storage and the requirements of climate targets
DESCRIPTION:Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) plays a key role in many climate mitigation scenarios and strategies\, yet the feasibility of its rapid upscaling has been vigorously debated. Recently\, there has been growing interest in CCS and if current plans are realised\, global CCS capacity would grow eight-fold from by 2030. However\, the bulk of today’s plans are at early stages of development. Can the current push bring CCS “on track” for the Paris climate targets? \nHere we address this question by developing a suite of methods for projecting feasible growth of CCS and other policy-driven emerging technologies. In a methodological innovation\, we project feasible growth using different feasibility spaces for the different phases of the technology life-cycle: the formative\, the acceleration\, and the stable growth phase. For each phase\, we construct a feasibility space using evidence from past experience of CCS and its historical analogies. \nWe show that under the most optimistic yet realistic assumptions about the near-term growth of CCS plans and their failure rates\, CCS capacity would be 0.37 GtCO2/year by 2030\, which is considerably less than most of the 1.5°C-compatible IPCC scenarios. After 2030\, CCS could stay on-track for 2°C if it accelerates at least as fast as wind power in the 2000s and then continues growing faster than nuclear power in the 1970s-80s. Only a handful of the existing climate mitigation pathways meet the CCS feasibility constraints and all of them depict <200 GtCO2 captured and stored by 2070\, which stands in contrast to the higher end of the amounts envisioned in the current IPCC climate scenarios. \nOur findings can be used for setting more realistic targets for CCS as well as informing projections and policies on other emerging climate and energy technologies at early stages of development.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/feasible-deployment-of-carbon-capture-and-storage-and-the-requirements-of-climate-targets/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T120000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T133000
DTSTAMP:20240531T074326Z
CREATED:20240508T073334Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240531T074326Z
UID:10000020-1718193600-1718199000@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Aligning decarbonisation with energy security: the case of REPowerEU
DESCRIPTION:As a policy objective\, mitigating climate change needs to be reconciled with ensuring energy security. While decarbonisation is often beneficial to energy security\, the opposite is not true: certain energy security strategies may result in increasing rather than decreasing emissions. In this paper we explore the empirical evidence on the effect of this alignment on accelerating the progress towards climate targets. \nWe focus on the REPowerEU plan proposed in 2022 by the European Commission to reduce the European Union’s (EU) dependence on fossil fuel imports from Russia. We show that REPowerEU aimed to achieve energy security objectives without compromising the EU’s climate goals and that it set unprecedented renewables targets radically departing from past incremental policies. We demonstrate that replicating such targets beyond the EU would be in line with 2°C-compatible pathways. \nWe show that this remarkable alignment of climate and energy security policies has resulted from high-level commitment to climate neutrality established prior to the security shock of 2022. We also stress the key role of growing institutional capacities and emerging technological opportunities\, arguing that the energy security crisis did not create these capacities and opportunities\, but rather enabled their translation into specific policies. \nFinally\, we assess the challenges for achieving the REPowerEU targets by comparing them with forecasts\, historical trends\, and historical analogies. We argue that though the REPowerEU targets are unprecedented in the history of renewables they are not infeasible in light of the growth of nuclear power in the 1970s-80s\, which was triggered by another energy security crisis. At the same time\, achieving REPowerEU targets would require vastly different political strategies than those used 40-50 years ago given the nature of socio-technical and political barriers currently faced by renewables.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/aligning-decarbonisation-with-energy-security-the-case-of-repowereu/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T120000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T133000
DTSTAMP:20240604T111858Z
CREATED:20240508T072957Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240604T111858Z
UID:10000019-1718193600-1718199000@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Projecting mid-term growth of wind and solar power growth under empirically-grounded policy assumptions
DESCRIPTION:There is no consensus on the policy effort required to accelerate the growth of wind and solar power for the climate goals. Some point out that the declining costs assure future expansion even without strong policies. Others document increasing opposition and non-cost barriers and argue that policy interventions should intensify\, not abate\, over time. \nHere\, we propose empirically-grounded methods and synthesise evidence to understand the balance of declining costs and increasing opposition in order to assess the policy effort needed for accelerating solar and wind power growth. In contrast to dominant approaches\, we use national- rather than global-level evidence and account for both cost and non-cost factors. \nWe show that the growth of renewables in many front-running countries is fast but no longer accelerating and that it does not become faster in late-comers. This indicates persistent barriers which dampen the positive effect of technological learning. We develop a model for projecting global growth of technologies based on evidence from front-running countries. Our results show that under optimistic yet realistic assumptions and without a radical policy or market change solar and wind power could grow in line with 2°C-compatible scenarios\, but 1.5°C-trajectories as well as the global renewables pledge would likely remain out of reach. \nWe also show that a scenario where the recent EU renewable targets are replicated worldwide is in line with the 1.5°C goal. The global growth of renewables in this case would be as fast as the policy-driven growth of nuclear power in Western Europe in the 1970s-1980s. Thus it is feasible to expand renewables fast enough for ambitious climate goals\, but it requires massive policy effort and new strategies to address the very real barriers. \nOur empirically grounded technology projections can be used to assess and inform policies accelerating the uptake of mature climate mitigation technologies.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/projecting-mid-term-growth-of-wind-and-solar-power-growth-under-empirically-grounded-policy-assumptions/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240604T081419Z
CREATED:20240604T081419Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240604T081419Z
UID:10000296-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Challenges in building an evidence base to support the adoption of automation tools in evidence synthesis
DESCRIPTION:
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/challenges-in-building-an-evidence-base-to-support-the-adoption-of-automation-tools-in-evidence-synthesis/
LOCATION:H 0112
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240531T091009Z
CREATED:20240531T091009Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240531T091009Z
UID:10000293-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Does policy design matter for the effectiveness of local content requirements? A qualitative comparative analysis of renewable energy value chains
DESCRIPTION:Green industrial policies aim to create local value from renewable energy technologies. Local content requirements (LCR) aim to foster domestic industries by prescribing a minimum share of locally manufactured inputs for investments in renewable energy. However\, the policy effectiveness of LCR differs. Whilst they fostered local industries with rising exports in some countries these goals have not been reached in others. This paper analyses whether differences in LCR’s effectiveness can be explained by policy design elements and interaction with political economy factors. The paper contributes novel insights on necessary and sufficient conditions for LCR policies’ effectiveness in wind and solar energy value chains. It is based on the first qualitative comparative analysis on the topic\, covering 27 cases between 1995 and 2017. The analysis reveals that LCR are only effective in fostering green domestic industries if the enforced share of locally manufactured components is not too high\, or when applied in countries with related industries. Furthermore\, the paper outlines combinations of policy design elements that are sufficient for policy effectiveness even in challenging political economy contexts. These insights on context-specific policy designs for LCR effectiveness are relevant for policy design theory as well as for policymakers and industry experts.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/does-policy-design-matter-for-the-effectiveness-of-local-content-requirements-a-qualitative-comparative-analysis-of-renewable-energy-value-chains/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240604T115958Z
CREATED:20240524T085907Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240604T115958Z
UID:10000285-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Addressing the agriculture\, food systems and nutrition research gaps in LMICs
DESCRIPTION:
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/addressing-the-agriculture-food-systems-and-nutrition-research-gaps-in-lmics/
LOCATION:H 0110
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240607T112728Z
CREATED:20240524T085817Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240607T112728Z
UID:10000284-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Research priorities for addressing climate change and human health and nutrition gaps
DESCRIPTION:Climate change poses significant threats to global health\, with its effects disproportionately impacting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While there is a growing emphasis on producing evidence to understand the relationship between climate change and health\, there remains a dearth of evidence for LMICs. We aimed to summarize current evidence on the health impacts of climate change\, map mitigation and adaptation projections/modeling strategies\, and summarize the impact of interventions within LMICs aimed at addressing health impacts of climate change. We utilized the Evidence Gap Map (EGM) methodology to conduct a scoping review of existing literature pertaining to climate-related hazards\, health outcomes\, and LMICs. We identified 112 eligible reviews\, and these were extracted by two independent reviewers. We then identified reviews containing over 50% of the studies from LMICs reporting on climate hazard and health outcome and extracted all primary studies from LMICs. We analyzed the evidence by generating heat maps to visualize the evidence highlighting associations between each climate hazard and health outcome and created gap maps to analyze the type of association between climate hazards and health outcomes. Additionally\, we also identified and summarized the adaptation and mitigation projections/modeling strategies and interventions specific to LMICs. \nThe findings highlight extreme heat and infectious diseases as the most frequently studied climate hazard and health outcome\, while dust storms and heat-related illnesses emerge as under-studied areas requiring further investigation. Extreme heat emerges as a significant driver of adverse health effects\, including mortality\, heat-related illnesses\, chronic/non-communicable diseases\, and mental health outcomes. Mean temperature changes exhibit mixed associations across health domains\, including mortality and infectious diseases. Altered rainfall patterns show notable positive associations with infectious diseases. Droughts are linked to nutritional outcomes\, highlighting implications for food security. Outdoor air pollution\, including particulate matter and emissions\, demonstrates positive associations with various health outcomes. While numerous adaptation and mitigation strategies were proposed in existing literature and the findings highlight a dearth of interventions evaluated specifically for LMICs. \nWhile there is a growing body of evidence highlighting the associations between climate change and adverse health impacts\, particularly in LMICs\, it is crucial to refocus our attention on developing and delivering context-specific interventions that could potentially mitigate these adverse outcomes. \n 
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/research-priorities-for-addressing-climate-change-and-human-health-and-nutrition-gaps/
LOCATION:H 0110
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240607T113024Z
CREATED:20240524T085641Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240607T113024Z
UID:10000283-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:A conceptual framework for assessing climate change risk factors and consequences for human nutrition
DESCRIPTION:Pathways for the impacts of climate change on human health and well-being are multifaceted\, and require sustainable multisectoral responses involving adaptation\, mitigation\, and resilience. Climate change can impact human nutrition and health through several pathways\, including direct effects such as heat-related changes in human behaviour and physiology\, and indirect effects through agriculture and food systems. \nWe will describe the development of a unifying conceptual framework aiming to synthesize the existing literature examining the relationships between the varied manifestations of climate change in the biosphere\, and pathways to impacts on human health through the nutrition lens. Climate change effects on nutrition outcomes will consider pathways that relate the impacts of changes in food security and food systems (from production through household utilization) to diet quality\, as well as the specific effects of heat on critical periods for growth and development such as during pregnancy and early infancy. The framework also considers the social\, political\, and economic contexts of climate change as well as aspects of gender equality which remain important drivers of climate risks and vulnerability in many settings. \nThe conceptual framework will also help explain the myriad pathways through which climate change might impact human physiology\, and subsequent nutrition and health outcomes; these include maternal and fetal health\, birth outcomes\, undernutrition (including acute and chronic malnutrition\, as well as micronutrient deficiencies)\, and risk for chronic disease\, disability\, and early mortality over the life course. This will also help identify potential pathways amenable to interventions as well as gaps for targeting future research and development activities. \n 
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/a-conceptual-framework-for-assessing-climate-change-risk-factors-and-consequences-for-human-nutrition/
LOCATION:H 0110
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240604T083103Z
CREATED:20240508T152745Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240604T083103Z
UID:10000249-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:The efficiency of cities in using land: A comparison of Africa and Asia
DESCRIPTION:Inclusive and land use efficient urbanisation is crucial for achieving sustainable development\, particularly in African and Asian cities that will have over 90 per cent of the total increase in the world’s urban population in the next three decades. Using density growth rate\, as an alternative indicator to SDG11.3.1\, in corroboration with 11 in-depth cases of African and Asian cities\, this study attempts to assess and explain the extent of efficient use of urban land and their variations. This study presents descriptive statistics and regression analyses using the European Commission’s Global Human Settlement Layer data on 1\,203 cities – 192 African and 1\,011 Asian cities – with over 100\,000 populations and over 20 km2 of built-up areas. Contrary to existing belief\, the majority of African and Asian cities are densifying albeit with some variations. Densification patterns are non-linear: small- and medium-sized cities have slower densification than large cities; Asian cities have slower densification (led by Chinese cities) than African cities; and cities located in less developed regions (e.g.\, China) have slower densification than those cities located in the least developed region (e.g.\, Tanzania). Currently\, ill-conceived land and housing policies and the proliferation of unplanned human settlements are dominant contributors to densification rather than land use planning. This study argues for the promotion of economic density – where cities should opt for vertical growth with appropriate space for infrastructures and economic activities – to reap the benefits of compact development\, including greenhouse gas mitigation from urban areas.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/the-efficiency-of-cities-in-using-land-a-comparison-of-africa-and-asia/
LOCATION:H 0111
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240604T083030Z
CREATED:20240508T152640Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240604T083030Z
UID:10000248-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:How will tropical vegetation respond to climate change? Implications for nature-based solutions and adaptation
DESCRIPTION:Cities are promoting nature-based solutions to adapt to climate change. Urban nature-based solutions including urban forests\, parks\, and vertical greenery can mitigate urban heat and flooding whilst providing space for recreation and supporting biodiversity. However\, the species planted in these systems are themselves vulnerable to climate change\, including rising temperatures\, extreme precipitation and more severe droughts. Many species in the tropics live near the upper limits of their thermal tolerance\, leaving narrow safety margins to cope with climate change. Moreover\, there is a dearth of quantitative data on tropical ecosystems and species. How species respond to climate change will have implications for ecosystem function\, including the ecosystem services provided by nature-based solutions. Predicting the direction and nature of such responses is key to accurately quantify the ongoing effectiveness of nature-based solutions\, and for decision makers to select climate resilient species in urban greening efforts. Here we present the results of a systematic literature review synthesising the physiological responses of tropical vegetation to rising temperatures and drought. From a systematic literature search returning 5\,020 papers we evaluate the state of the evidence for 311 papers reporting a response of a tropical flora species to rising temperatures\, waterlogging or drought. Using Singapore as a case study we evaluate the implications of the evidence for urban greening strategies and climate resilience planning through consultation with the National Parks Agency. Further\, we evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the methodological approaches reviewed and highlight key knowledge gaps.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/how-will-tropical-vegetation-respond-to-climate-change-implications-for-nature-based-solutions-and-adaptation/
LOCATION:H 0111
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240604T082403Z
CREATED:20240508T152406Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240604T082403Z
UID:10000246-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Ruptures in perceived solution spaces for adaptation to flood risk: Actor-specific insights from Mumbai’s flood risk reduction and general lessons
DESCRIPTION:Adaptation to the increasing impacts of climate change will require societies to design portfolios of risk management solutions by selecting from an array of available adaptation options. A major step on the way toward a strong social contract for adaptation is understanding how different actors view different adaptation options as well as what adaptation goals they have and for whom. Here we adopt an actor-oriented multi-dimensional framework to understand how different actors evaluate their perceived adaptation solution space. The aim is to understand who identifies which adaptation options and how they are assessed as well as what desired objectives are and for whom they are targeted. In other words\, what works\, how\, for what\, and for whom. We build on the feasibility and effectiveness assessments used in IPCC’s sixth assessment report and explore the framework by applying it to the solution space for flood risk in Mumbai. We draw on empirical data collected through key informant interviews with state\, civil society\, and academic actors. Our findings show that\, overall\, actors see the need for institutional changes and green infrastructure measures. In terms of the factors perceived to enable or constrain adaptation\, actors agree on the pivotal role of institutional aspects as even more important than financial or technical factors. However\, the assessment revealed stark disparities between state and non-state actors\, in particular on the objective of efficiency\, largely emphasized by state actors for physical infrastructure measures. Other contested objectives included ecosystem protection and fairness for vulnerable populations. This study makes an empirical and analytical contribution to advance feasibility and effectiveness assessments by including actor perceptions in the evaluation of solution spaces for adaptation in real-world settings. It aims to inform decision-making processes for more effective and equitable adaptation.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/ruptures-in-perceived-solution-spaces-for-adaptation-to-flood-risk-actor-specific-insights-from-mumbais-flood-risk-reduction-and-general-lessons/
LOCATION:H 0111
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240604T082332Z
CREATED:20240508T152310Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240604T082332Z
UID:10000245-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:How effective are heat risk management strategies in South Asian cities? A systematic review of literature
DESCRIPTION:Residents in South Asian cities are already facing devastating heatwaves; and at global warming of 2°C\, their exposure to heat stress is set to triple. Limiting warming to 1.5°C may halve this impact\, but deadly heat stress could become commonplace\, especially in urban centers (Ashfaq et al.\, 2021). In the face of escalating climate change\, urban environments and human settlements are focal points for effective climate solutions (IPCC\, 2022). Prior research has identified various technologies and strategies to manage extreme heat and showcased instances of adaptation by individuals\, communities\, and governmental stakeholders. However\, a comprehensive understanding of the overall effectiveness of these implemented heat adaptation actions is lacking. This systematic literature review fills this gap by examining the efficacy of different heat risk management solutions—specifically\, nature-based\, technological\, informational\, and structural interventions—implemented in South Asian cities. \nUsing PRISMA guidelines\, the review assesses current evidence to examine how much heat risk is reduced\, and for whom. Care is taken to examine outcomes across spatial and temporal dimensions\, assessing the varied impacts of heat solutions across different climatic zones\, and potential adaptation limits to heat risk management. We also examine whether processes underpinning heat risk management (e.g.\, public participation\, complex risk assessments) lead to more effective solutions. Evaluating the effectiveness of heat adaptation solutions can contribute to climate-resilient urban environments as well as inform urban policymakers on which solutions to prioritise in the short and long-term.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/how-effective-are-heat-risk-management-strategies-in-south-asian-cities-a-systematic-review-of-literature/
LOCATION:H 0111
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240604T082258Z
CREATED:20240508T152155Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240604T082258Z
UID:10000244-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Regions at risk: end-of-century impacts of extreme climate change on global population
DESCRIPTION:The human population is projected to grow to between 8.9 billion and 12.4 billion by 2100\, with 85% expected to live in cities. Over 80% of global GDP is generated in cities\, demonstrating the importance of urban environments to human flourishing. As urban infrastructure systems are vulnerable to climate change it is vital that the full range of potential impacts on urban areas are understood. \nHigh-impact\, low-likelihood (HILL) extreme climate change (ECC) events do not receive as much attention as scenarios considered most likely in the existing literature\, despite the severe threat these tail risks pose to many aspects of human society. This includes impacts on urban infrastructure\, supply chains\, population displacement and migration\, food\, water and energy security and associated consequences such as conflict. There remains significant uncertainty regarding the likelihood of ECC due to\, for example\, potential climate tipping elements that may cascade\, trigger feedbacks and lead to runaway climate change\, even if global warming remains under Paris Agreement thresholds\, which is growing more unlikely. The potentially existential impacts of such scenarios necessitates that we exercise the precautionary principle and explore the boundaries of plausibility. \nIn this study we present synthesised evidence from extreme climate change scenarios\, assessing the potential worst-case impacts on urban systems with a focus on heterogeneous regional impacts and the potential need for significant pre-emptive adaptation efforts. Global regions are ranked according to their potential vulnerability to ECC impacts with the aim of identifying urban areas where critical infrastructure is at risk of failure and what effects are likely to be experienced. We highlight gaps in current understanding and the need to focus research in this area\, including case studies of infrastructure systems in cities identified as vulnerable\, with the aim of generating evidence for use in policy development.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/regions-at-risk-end-of-century-impacts-of-extreme-climate-change-on-global-population/
LOCATION:H 0111
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240531T091157Z
CREATED:20240508T133930Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240531T091157Z
UID:10000191-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:How can we evaluate the policy mix effectiveness? – A systematic literature review
DESCRIPTION:Although there is much disagreement about the appropriateness\, usefulness\, and cost-effectiveness of specific policy instruments\, there is a consensus across disciplines that a policy mix\, not only single instruments\, is needed to fully decarbonize the energy system. However\, there is no agreement on assessing the effectiveness and dynamic interaction within a policy mix. As a result\, we conduct a systematic literature review on existing policy mix evaluation to conceptualize the policy mix analyses from different perspectives\, such as environmental economics\, policy and innovation studies\, and social-technical systems\, and understand state-of-the-art ex-ante assessments of the mix as well as current applications/challenges for the empirical analysis. Some common objectives for systematically evaluating the progress of policy mix output are analyzing not only the density (number) of the policies but also their intensity\, technological/sectoral specificity\, and temporal characteristics (different stages of the energy transition). Ultimately\, this review study will broaden the understanding and be a basis for identifying research gaps in empirical studies related to evaluating policy mix effectiveness and dynamic interaction necessary for the energy transition.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/how-can-we-evaluate-the-policy-mix-effectiveness-a-systematic-literature-review/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240531T090620Z
CREATED:20240508T131213Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240531T090620Z
UID:10000175-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Synthesising evidence on approaches to accelerating the transition to electric vehicles
DESCRIPTION:Given the reasonable assumption that people will still be driving two and four-wheeled vehicles in 30 years\, then the transition away from internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs)\, and almost certainly to electric vehicles (EVs)\, is an essential one for complete decarbonization of the transportation sector. In one country – Norway – this transition is taking place at breathtaking speed\, but this is an outlier\, and question remains how to accelerate it elsewhere. There are many policies currently in operation in order to do so\, and many competing beliefs on how to do it better. \nIn this paper\, I qualitatively synthesize the results from separate studies related to this issue\, each of which highlights different aspects of the challenge of accelerating the transition. These fall into three main categories: (1) studies that model consumer choices\, according to economic and convenience factors; (2) studies that examining consumer preferences and beliefs\, to understand the factors that influence their acceptance of EVs and the policies that would phaseout the use of ICEVs; and (3) qualitative evaluation of alternative policy instruments\, to understand their effectiveness at addressing the barriers to accelerated diffusion. The studies themselves have been conducted in multiple European countries\, and concerned both private cars and motorcycles. \nThe synthetic results highlight the importance of regulatory approaches\, particularly with respect to the availability of residential charging infrastructure. They also highlight the divide between popular perception of many environmental and economic aspects of EV ownership\, and a resulting low acceptance rate both of EVs and the policies that would phase out ICEVs. As we identify several causes for this low acceptance\, including the discourses within which EV ownership and use are characterized\, our results also offer lessons to both policy-makers and policy-entrepreneurs seeking to develop politically-feasible interventions.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/synthesising-evidence-on-approaches-to-accelerating-the-transition-to-electric-vehicles/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240531T090543Z
CREATED:20240508T131031Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240531T090543Z
UID:10000174-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Residual carbon emissions in companies’ climate pledges: Who has to reduce and who gets to remove?
DESCRIPTION:Residual emissions need to be balanced by permanent emission removal to reach the goal of net zero\, which has been defined as a balance of sources and sinks by the IPCC. To reach this goal\, private sector action and a rigorous definition of residual emissions is crucial. To identify how residual emissions are currently used by the private sector\, I have analysed 115 corporate climate pledges and their interpretation of residual emissions. The results show that the current ambiguity of residual emissions leads to low ambitions in the private sector. Fifty-five of the analysed companies mention residual emissions\, but only eleven of them linked residual emissions to a specific process or product. From the companies that had a net zero target (69) only 22% aimed to reduce emissions to a residual level and compensate with removals. The residual emission levels in the target year is specified by 28 companies and ranges between 0-80% (mean = 19.6%\, median = 10%\, n=28). More than half of the residual emissions that exceed the mean of 10% are claimed by sectors that are not classified as hard-to-abate such as information technology or communication companies. The results call for a more rigorous use of the term “net zero” as well as “residual emissions” and a dialogue between politicians\, civil society and industry regarding residual emission levels that I would like to contribute to in the oral presentation.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/residual-carbon-emissions-in-companies-climate-pledges-who-has-to-reduce-and-who-gets-to-remove/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240531T090444Z
CREATED:20240508T130746Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240531T090444Z
UID:10000172-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Context factors enabling effective climate policies: A taxonomy of entry points
DESCRIPTION:The effectiveness of climate policies depends on context factors specific to the implementing region. Understanding which context factors are key for the success of a sectoral climate policy is vital to determine promising policy interventions in similar regions. \nWe conduct a machine learning-assisted systematic literature review\, to answer the research question which combinations of policy interventions and regional context factors have been effective for the deployment of climate change mitigation technologies or for the transitioning away from fossil fuels. These combinations are distinct opportunities for change\, and thus entry points for a climate neutral transition. Our review exclusively covers studies that conduct an ex-post evaluation of sectoral climate policies (energy\, transport\, buildings\, industry) and are published after the decision on the Paris Agreement. \nOur aim is to establish a taxonomy of sector-specific entry points for a transition towards climate neutrality. We categorize context factors as enabling factors or barriers based on the feasibility framework by Brutschin et al.\, (2021). The purpose of this taxonomy is to provide policymakers with best-practice policy examples that are relevant to their circumstances. Additionally\, we seek to classify country groups based on specific technologies and similar contexts\, providing insights into the feasibility of best-practice policy roll-out. \nPreliminary findings indicate that country groups regarding the deployment of solar technology depend\, i.a.\, on the degree of current solar deployment. So far\, we can identify three country groups: (i) rural electrifiers (ii) solar introducers (iii) established solar users. Subject to the availability of geophysical resources\, rural electrifiers can profit from public-private partnerships\, while feed-in-tariffs and tax exemptions are promising instruments for solar introducers in fully electrified regions. In contrast\, established solar users benefit from reverse auctioning\, contracts-for-difference and infrastructure investments. We expect to develop a more granular definition of established users within the further process of this research.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/context-factors-enabling-effective-climate-policies-a-taxonomy-of-entry-points/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240529T112925Z
CREATED:20240508T091853Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T112925Z
UID:10000079-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Just transitions and Green New Deals: concept synthesis of the qualitative literature
DESCRIPTION:Global discourses surrounding the low-carbon transition increasingly feature calls for equity and justice. Momentum behind just transition principles is growing\, evolving significantly from their introduction by U.S. trade unions in the 1980s. Recently\, just transition principles have begun shaping policies and governance strategies internationally. Some approaches focus narrowly on worker protections in industries undergoing structural change (e.g.\, fossil fuel extraction)\, while others take a more macro-transformative approach (e.g.\, the U.S. Green New Deal and EU Green Deal) with broader social agendas. The concept has also been adopted by a range of development and social actors\, and notably featured in the phase-out centered JETP investments for South Africa\, Indonesia\, and Vietnam. Meanwhile\, calls for a just transition are spreading to other decarbonizing sectors (including agriculture and food systems\, waste and recycling\, construction\, and transportation). The proliferation of these concepts in recent years requires careful study to understand how new and competing interpretations inform development of socially just climate policy. This paper will map and compare the usage of just transitions\, Green New Deals\, inclusive green growth\, and related emerging concepts across the literature. Using qualitative analysis methods\, we code for various aspects\, including concept definitions (consisting of motivation\, process\, and outcomes) and frameworks proposed by different actors as well as policies and governance strategies tied to just transitions (including public support for energy transition policies). Relative to prior reviews of these concepts\, our review contributes the most thorough and updated mapping of the literature\, comparing conceptual framings across disciplines\, actor interests and perspectives\, and just transition policy efforts.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/just-transitions-and-green-new-deals-concept-synthesis-of-the-qualitative-literature/
LOCATION:H 0110
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240529T112838Z
CREATED:20240508T091748Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T112838Z
UID:10000078-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:A systematic mixed-methods review of public perceptions on carbon dioxide removal
DESCRIPTION:Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is a critical component of strategies to limit global warming to well below 2°C. Development and deployment of CDR methods will be crucial in the next decades as CDR needs to be scaled to several gigatonnes by mid-century. How CDR is perceived will play a vital role for this process\, as it can support\, hinder and inform large-scale implementation. Here\, we conduct a first systematic review of the literature on perceptions\, attitudes and opinions on CDR. We extend previous reviews by (1) comprehensively searching the literature using a transparent and reproducible study selection strategy enhanced with machine-learning\, (2) systematically assessing the available evidence using a mixed-methods approach with meta-analysis and qualitative synthesis\, and (3) also including perceptions of stakeholder groups such as CDR adopters or experts\, who are critical for technology scale-up.\nWe find that more than half of the identified 165 articles on CDR perceptions focuses on particular stakeholder groups\, while the other half is on general populations – often using surveys on nationally representative samples. The literature is highly concentrated on high-income countries. Quantitative studies find low levels of public awareness on CDR and investigate a variety of outcomes\, with the most frequent being acceptance and support for CDR. These perceptions are influenced by perceived advantages and risks of technologies\, subjective knowledge and trust in governance. A meta-analysis provides estimates of average effects of these factors on support. Our synthesis of qualitative studies further shows how context dependent the influence of factors are. This talk will focus on the mixed-methods approach applied in our review as part of the session “Qualitative evidence synthesis: contemporary approaches in climate policy research”.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/a-systematic-mixed-methods-review-of-public-perceptions-on-carbon-dioxide-removal/
LOCATION:H 0110
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240529T112722Z
CREATED:20240508T091639Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T112722Z
UID:10000077-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Applying Qualitative Synthesis Methods in Environment and Development: Challenges and Lessons Learned
DESCRIPTION:Systematic reviews\, renowned for their explicit methodologies in identifying\, appraising\, analyzing\, and synthesizing study findings\, have played a crucial role in shaping research\, policy\, and practice across various sectors\, from health to international development and environmental management. In the realm of environmental and development research\, the unique complexities and nature of these fields have led to the growing recognition of qualitative approaches to evidence synthesis. These approaches can offer valuable insights into subjective experiences or contribute to a deeper understanding of (implementation) context\, intervention feasibility\, acceptance\, appropriateness\, unintended consequences\, and similar. \nIn this presentation\, we aim to provide an overview of the challenges and lessons learned from our experiences with multi-context thematic and framework syntheses conducted in the fields of environment and development. We will delve into the practical and methodological challenges encountered at each stage of the qualitative review process\, including question formulation\, study identification and screening\, quality appraisal\, coding\, and synthesis. These challenges include\, among others\, managing the iterative review process\, subjectivity\, and interpretation\, grappling with the diversity of study types and designs\, and navigating a multitude of study settings. Finally\, we will offer valuable insights and practical suggestions to guide future qualitative syntheses in the field.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/applying-qualitative-synthesis-methods-in-environment-and-development-challenges-and-lessons-learned/
LOCATION:H 0110
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240603T081448Z
CREATED:20240508T091502Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240603T081448Z
UID:10000076-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Managing expectations in the application of quality and strength of evidence assessments in qualitative synthesis
DESCRIPTION:Approaches to assessing the strengths and limitations of qualitative studies included in evidence syntheses continue to be discussed in the synthesis community (e.g.\, Garside 2014\, Noyes et al. 2023). This presentation discusses such strengths and limitations in the application of evidence quality and confidence in findings assessments we used in a review of food production interventions with a climate change component. \nWe applied the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist to assess individual papers on the appropriateness of methodology\, study design\, recruitment strategy\, data collection methods\, consideration of researcher’s role and ethical issues\, data analysis\, statement of findings\, and value of research. We applied GRADE-CERQual (Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research) to assess the level of confidence in our review findings based on methodological limitations\, coherence\, data adequacy\, and contextual relevance. \nOverall\, evaluations in our study tended to receive lower ratings because they lacked a thorough description of the data analysis process or research ethics considerations\, or failed to acknowledge the potential biases of the researcher or research team. Given the focus of the synthesis (to understand barriers and facilitators to climate adaptive practices in agriculture)\, the potential for evaluations to provide insight into these questions\, and that cutoff points for exclusion are not well established in qualitative evidence synthesis\, we decided not to exclude any evaluations despite considerable variation in CASP ratings. Further\, our application of GRADE-CERQual may have weighted some findings as lower confidence because of these quality ratings in addition to the number of studies that addressed a question. We discuss the merits of these assessments given considerations such as variation in methodological reporting and study questions.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/managing-expectations-in-the-application-of-quality-and-strength-of-evidence-assessments-in-qualitative-synthesis/
LOCATION:H 0110
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240531T074053Z
CREATED:20240508T091253Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240531T074053Z
UID:10000075-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:The effect of policy norms on public acceptance of pro-environmental policy measures
DESCRIPTION:There is a substantial body of research investigating and mapping the factors influencing citizens’ attitudes toward climate policy instruments. Based on reviews and meta-analyses we also have a quite clear idea about the role of various determinants. Despite this extensive examination\, there remains considerable variation in policy attitudes that demands further exploration\, not the least of contextual factors\, which have been relatively understudied.\nIn parallel fields\, such as individual environmental behavior—for example recycling or waste sorting—scholars have long emphasized the pivotal role of social norms in shaping and guiding actions. Building upon this finding\, our study introduces the novel concept of policy norms\, which encapsulate individuals’ perceptions of the prevailing social norms toward various pro-environmental policy measures\, such as taxes on fossil fuels\, as well as policies targeting climate related behaviors\, such as food consumption.\nOur investigation uses unique survey data collected from six countries—the United States\, Brazil\, Germany\, Sweden\, South Africa\, and India—comprising 12\,000 respondents. We find that policy norms are strongly associated with individuals’ inclinations toward accepting or rejecting a wide range policy measures. Importantly\, this influence persists even after accounting for established determinants such as ideology\, political trust\, environmental concern\, and personal norms.\nIn the future\, we plan to conduct experimental studies to better understand and confirm the reasons behind the effects we have observed. We want to explore how social norms and policy acceptance interact in more detail\, aiming to offer valuable insights that can improve climate policies worldwide.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/the-effect-of-policy-norms-on-public-acceptance-of-pro-environmental-policy-measures/
LOCATION:H 3005
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240605T102147Z
CREATED:20240508T091135Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240605T102147Z
UID:10000074-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Coal and political backlash in Colombia
DESCRIPTION:Voter backlash can pose an important political economy barrier to the public and political acceptability of phasing out fossil fuels. We investigate the case of Colombia\, a country heavily dependent on coal exports\, which recently announced a complete phasing out of fossil fuels. Using a novel and unique data set\, we analyze how municipality-level changes in extracted coal and associated mining employment interact with voting outcomes\, looking at presidential elections from 2014-2022. Applying a staggered Difference in Difference design with continuous treatment\, we find that pro-mining and reformist parties are able to capitalize on changes in local coal labor markets. At the same time\, we find less political support for parties that promote phasing out mining activities\, pointing towards increasing political polarization.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/coal-and-political-backlash-in-colombia/
LOCATION:H 3005
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240531T073953Z
CREATED:20240508T090956Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240531T073953Z
UID:10000073-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:How political attitudes change with energy prices: Quasi-experimental evidence from Germany
DESCRIPTION:We study the impact of the 2022-2023 energy crisis in Germany. We collect four waves of panel data to measure how political attitudes change with increasing energy prices for households. Our difference-in-differences estimation exploits unique features of the German energy sector\, which allows for a quasi-experimental design. We show that increases in electricity payments lead to a decline in support for democratic institutions\, with effects intensifying over time. The study sheds light on the consequences of economic shocks on political attitudes and has implications for the design of stringent climate policies.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/how-political-attitudes-change-with-energy-prices-quasi-experimental-evidence-from-germany/
LOCATION:H 3005
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240531T073919Z
CREATED:20240508T090828Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240531T073919Z
UID:10000072-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Public support for carbon pricing policies and different revenue recycling options: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the survey literature
DESCRIPTION:Identifying policy conditions that foster public support is critical for implementing effective direct and indirect carbon pricing policies. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the survey-based literature on change in public support for carbon pricing policies when different revenue recycling options are presented to respondents. Following a comprehensive and transparent machine-learning assisted screening of the literature\, our dataset comprises 35 studies containing 70 surveys across 26 countries covering a total of more than 100\,000 respondents. We find that the introduction of revenue recycling options increases public support for carbon pricing scheme\, but to different degrees depending on recycling scheme and region. Our meta-regression results indicate that green spending (i.e. using revenues for climate-friendly projects) is the only revenue recycling option associated with a statistically significant increase in public support for carbon pricing policies when compared to an allocation of the revenues towards public finance (i.e. using revenues government budget purposes). Our findings moreover suggest that the effect of revenue recycling options on public support depends on the region\, and is statistically stronger in Africa\, Asia and Pacific\, and Latin America and Caribbean compared to North America.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/public-support-for-carbon-pricing-policies-and-different-revenue-recycling-options-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-the-survey-literature/
LOCATION:H 3005
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240531T073846Z
CREATED:20240508T090650Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240531T073846Z
UID:10000071-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:The Political Economy of Carbon Taxation
DESCRIPTION:Carbon taxation is often seen as a key instrument for cost-effective greenhouse gas mitigation. Yet\, we observe an implementation gap in terms of coverage and stringency. Successful adoption of carbon taxes depends on a myriad of political\, legal\, economic\, technical\, and multilateral factors. Considering such circumstances is crucial for successful policy choices to mitigate climate change effectively and in a just and acceptable manner.\nConducive conditions to carbon pricing have been studied along different lines. Quantitative analyses identify correlations of certain indicators with strong climate policy\, but tend to neglect causal mechanisms. On the other hand\, certain factors (e.g. public support)\, are studied extensively\, but often without comprehensive inclusion of other contextual variables. This makes it difficult to judge their relevance in comparison to other factors. Finally\, the case study literature offers a more in-depth analysis of individual climate policy processes. Since these studies naturally have a limited spatial-temporal focus\, external validity is typically low. Besides\, these studies rely on a variety of analytical approaches\, impeding comparison further.\nThe main objective of the study is to draw lessons from such qualitative case studies to understand when and why different political economy factors are relevant for the adoption success of carbon taxes\, and how they interact with each other. To that end\, a systematic review of the case study literature on carbon taxes is conducted\, including successful adoption as well as failed attempts on a global scale. This allows assessing the political economy of carbon taxes in different contexts and comparing them within a single analytical framework. The underlying study contributes to evidence-based climate policy by providing the hitherto scarce synthesis of qualitative data about carbon tax adoption. This approach allows for a more unbiased policy assessment and an inclusion of broader social science knowledge on carbon taxes.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/the-political-economy-of-carbon-taxation/
LOCATION:H 3005
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240604T083346Z
CREATED:20240508T083918Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240604T083346Z
UID:10000056-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Stakeholder needs for Digital Evidence Synthesis Tools for Climate and Health: findings from a global survey and series of workshops
DESCRIPTION:Background: The climate crisis’s profound impact on human health necessitates immediate\, evidence-based action. Fast-growing research evidence on climate and health provides new opportunities but makes staying abreast with and rigorously synthesising evidence increasingly challenging and time consuming. While automation tools for evidence surveillance are being developed\, they lack rigorous evaluation and their suitability for climate and health research\, policy and practice has been largely overlooked.\nMethods: To understand the current application of Digital Evidence Synthesis Tools (DESTs)\, their future potential as well as barriers and opportunities for their uptake\, we conducted a global survey assessing user needs for DESTs in climate and health. Surveying approximately 2000 individuals worldwide\, 151 respondents provided valuable insights. Furthermore\, we conducted three workshops (with researchers\, tool developers\, science assessment experts) to discuss findings in more depth. \nResults: Covidence\, EPPI Reviewer\, Rayyan\, RevMan\, and DistillerSR emerged as popular DESTs. Researchers exhibited varying familiarity with different evidence synthesis practices\, with most using DESTs in title and abstract screening stages. They were generally perceived to increase time efficiency in evidence synthesis; however\, barriers to use included a lack of machine learning expertise\, cost considerations\, and uncertainty in tool selection. Specific needs for climate and health research were also highlighted\, emphasising variations in meta-labels\, definitions\, inclusion criteria\, and database structures. Respondents stressed the importance of rapidly updatable evidence bases to support living systematic reviews. Developers predicted future time savings in various evidence synthesis stages\, notably data extraction and visualisation. However\, all agreed that DESTs cannot replace human labour in quality appraisal. \nConclusion: Our findings shed light on the current landscape of DEST use in climate and health research\, and emphasise the need for increased investment\, capacity building\, and robust evaluations to propel the widespread adoption of DESTs and facilitate comprehensive and timely evidence synthesis.”
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/stakeholder-needs-for-digital-evidence-synthesis-tools-for-climate-and-health-findings-from-a-global-survey-and-series-of-workshops/
LOCATION:H 0112
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240612T113000
DTSTAMP:20240604T083314Z
CREATED:20240508T083747Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240604T083314Z
UID:10000055-1718186400-1718191800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:The safe use of LLMs for screening in systematic reviews
DESCRIPTION:Background: \nThe field of Machine Learning (ML) for evidence synthesis aims to develop applications of machine learning that save labour by supplementing or replacing human effort at various stages of the systematic review process. Since ChatGPT popularised Large Language Models (LLMs) in November 2022\, several projects have assessed the potential to use LLMs to increase the labour savings possible when applying ML technologies to systematic reviews. Some of these projects have looked at the task of screening\, where a mature literature exists on how to manage the uncertainty that comes with any application of ML in order to ensure that the quality of reviews is not compromised.\nHowever\, the hitherto available evaluations of LLMs for screening have not sufficiently engaged with this existing literature\, such that we do not yet know the extent to which they may reduce labour in a realistic setting where the risk of missing relevant studies can be appropriately managed. \nObjectives: \n– To outline a framework for evaluating LLMs for screening in a way compatible with their safe use in real projects\, by combining with stopping criteria.\n– To assess the extent to which using LLMs for screening may offer additional labour savings as compared to standard methods\, while maintaining high standards\n– To assess the extent to which model choice and prompting strategy affect potential labour savings\n– To quantify the additional costs involved in using LLMs for screening instead of standard methods \nResults: \nCurrent results show that\, using simple prompts based solely on the review title\, LLMs result in substantially smaller labour savings than standard machine-learning prioritisation pipelines using support vector machine classifiers. Further results will show the effect of more complex prompting strategies involving study inclusion criteria\, as well as the comparative costs of LLM-assisted screening and traditional approaches. \nConclusions: \nThough LLMs offer impressive capabilities given their zero-shot nature\, their simplistic application in systematic review screening may result in smaller work savings than current approaches can deliver. A future research agenda may find ways to combine active learning approaches with LLMs\, for example by automatically adjusting prompts based on inclusion and exclusion decisions.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/the-safe-use-of-llms-for-screening-in-systematic-reviews/
LOCATION:H 0112
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR