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X-WR-CALDESC:Events for What Works
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T110104Z
CREATED:20240508T153429Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T110104Z
UID:10000255-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Innovations in Climate Evaluation and Synthesis: Leveraging Remote Sensing and Machine Learning for Climate Solutions
DESCRIPTION:Increased availability of and access to satellite and remotely sensed data have paved the way for innovations in methods and tools for climate evaluation. These have allowed us to observe\, measure\, and evaluate the impact of climate change on humans and ecosystems at a relatively low cost. High-resolution and frequent observations from satellites have facilitated the creation of wide ranging and precise proxy indicators (complementary to traditional on-the-ground measures) to observe environmental outcomes such as carbon emissions\, land use changes\, and vegetation health. The volume of available data has enabled the training of robust machine learning models\, allowing for more accurate classification\, detection\, and prediction tasks in geospatial analysis. \nIn this presentation\, we explore the pivotal role of these innovations in enhancing climate evaluation methodologies and driving informed\, evidence-based decision-making in climate policy. In doing so\, we share an interface called “Remote Sensing Indicators for Development”\, a resource compiling existing literature\, empirical applications\, and guidance on the use of remote sensing and machine learning in evidence generation and synthesis. We showcase the multifaceted ways in which researchers may use this resource in their own work – to further their understanding of the distinctions and the comparability between various remotely sensed indices\, including their advantages and disadvantages\, and to determine which indices may be used for ML-based prediction in regions where data is lacking. This presentation fills a critical knowledge gap by offering a comprehensive resource that explores the spectrum of applications that leverage remote sensing indicators and machine learning in climate evaluation.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/innovations-in-climate-evaluation-and-synthesis-leveraging-remote-sensing-and-machine-learning-for-climate-solutions/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T105912Z
CREATED:20240508T153114Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T105912Z
UID:10000252-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Framing Political Communication on Climate Change: A Topic Modeling Analysis of German Governmental Institutions' Press Releases
DESCRIPTION:Beyond designing climate policies\, the communication strategies and storytelling approaches employed by policymakers largely shape public engagement in climate mitigation and adaptation activities. This is due to the fact that communication design impacts the decision-making processes of information recipients\, a phenomenon known as choice architecture\, thereby influencing individual attitudes\, behaviors\, and actions. In an effort to understand the nature and impact of German political climate communications\, this research analyzes climate-related press releases from the German Federal Government (Bundeskanzleramt) and all 15 ministries to uncover key patterns\, narratives\, frames\, and sentiments. A comprehensive text dataset was constructed via scraping the publicly available press releases from the websites of each governmental institution\, in addition to requesting those press release texts per email from the institutions directly in cases of difficulties in scraping or missing documents online. The resulting dataset of press releases for the three-year timeframe 2021-2023 (n = 9707)\, which is limited to the current legislative period\, was then filtered for documents relevant to climate change\, resulting in a final dataset of 3082 documents. Those documents are currently being analyzed using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling\, comparing and contrasting emerging communication patterns between 1) individual political institutions and 2) political parties and stakeholders\, as well as mapping the development of those topics over time. The results are positioned to enable a deeper understanding of the impact of those communications\, promote learning among the various political actors\, and support the improvement of future communication designs to better achieve desired sustainability goals.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/framing-political-communication-on-climate-change-a-topic-modeling-analysis-of-german-governmental-institutions-press-releases/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T105841Z
CREATED:20240508T153016Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T105841Z
UID:10000251-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Mapping the Climate Literature
DESCRIPTION:Synthesis reports\, such as those by the IPCC\, aim to faithfully provide a complete overview of the entire scientific landscape on climate change. However\, the sheer amount of literature on climate-relevant topics is massive and\, at the same time\, is growing exponentially each year. Therefore\, authors of such reports often rely on existing maps\, reviews\, and meta-analyses.\nHere\, we provide an analysis of the coverage of the literature on climate change by the IPCC. To do so\, we identify synthesis articles cited in IPCC reports and compose a corpus of primary literature these cited articles based their analysis on. We explore the breadth and depth of topics this literature covers and compare the overlap to existing maps of the climate literature and results from queries in scholarly search engines using a comprehensive list of climate-relevant keywords.\nWe aim to show that this methodology can identify potential gaps in the coverage of large-scale synthesis reports to improve future iterations.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/mapping-the-climate-literature/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T105809Z
CREATED:20240508T152912Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T105809Z
UID:10000250-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:ChatNetZero: Harnessing Large-Language Models for Synthesizing Evidence to Evaluate Non-State Actors' Climate Actions
DESCRIPTION:Large language models (LLMs) that power generative AI technologies like ChatGPT and Bard can analyze vasts amounts of textual data to generate easy to understand insights in human prose. But these technologies have also been demonstrated to hallucinate\, generating convincing but false answers; prone to bias\, and difficult to unpack due to the “black box” nature of their underlying models. Particularly with respect to complex domain-specific issues like climate change\, generic LLMs have been demonstrated to produce questionable and often inaccurate interpretations\, highlighting the need for specialized models or fine-tuning to ensure reliable insights and informed analyses. Specifically\, addressing the challenge of parsing and evaluating climate actions by corporations and other non-state actors\, which can range from greenwashing to mere window dressing\, proves challenging due to the heterogeneous nature and time-consuming process of assessing diverse documents. Here we introduce ChatNetZero\, a fine-tuned LLM\, trained on verified analyses and third-party\, scientific assessments of non-state climate actions and policies\, to demonstrate the potential and limitations of utilizing LLMs and generative AI more broadly as an evidence synthesis tool. We will introduce the methodology\, highlight specific use cases\, and share validation metrics for ChatNetZero’s frameworks addressing hallucination and greenwashing\, employing human-in-the-loop validation and perplexity testing.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/chatnetzero-harnessing-large-language-models-for-synthesizing-evidence-to-evaluate-non-state-actors-climate-actions/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T105633Z
CREATED:20240508T151035Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T105633Z
UID:10000237-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Policy portfolios can reduce GHG emissions in urban transport in 120 cities by 20% while improving welfare
DESCRIPTION:City-level policies are increasingly recognized as key components of strategies to reduce transport greenhouse gas emissions. However\, at a global scale\, their total efficiencies\, costs and practical feasibility remain unclear. Here we use a spatially explicit monocentric urban economic model\, systematically calibrated on 120 cities worldwide\, to analyse the impact of four representative policies aimed at mitigating transportation greenhouse gas emissions\, also accounting for their economic welfare impacts and health co-benefits. Applying these policies in all cities\, we find that total transportation greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by 31% in 15 years\, compared with the baseline scenario. However\, the consequences of the same policies vary widely between cities\, with specific effects depending on the policy considered\, income level\, population growth rate\, spatial organization and existing public transport supply. Impacts on transport emissions span from high to almost zero\, and consequences in terms of welfare can either be positive or negative. Applying welfare-increasing policy portfolios captures most of the emission reductions: overall\, they reduce emissions by 22% in 15 years. Our results highlight that there is no one-size-fits-all policy. However\, with context-specific strategies\, large emission reductions can globally be achieved while improving welfare.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/policy-portfolios-can-reduce-ghg-emissions-in-urban-transport-in-120-cities-by-20-while-improving-welfare/
LOCATION:H 3005
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T105604Z
CREATED:20240508T150921Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T105604Z
UID:10000236-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Designing policies to enable equitable and beneficial electrification in the U.S.
DESCRIPTION:Electrifying household energy use is a key policy lever for addressing the climate crisis. However\, there are many challenges to designing policies to promote beneficial electrification that reduces greenhouse gas emissions while also advancing health\, equity\, and affordability goals. This research focuses on the case of the United States\, where one billion household machines – from cars to furnaces to stoves – currently run on fossil fuels. Additionally\, one in three U.S. households report difficulty paying their energy bills\, and low-income households may be less likely to adopt new technologies. New policies such as the Inflation Reduction Act provide opportunities to address these inequities but may exacerbate them without careful implementation. \nHere we focus on the electrification challenge in U.S. cities. We begin with a detailed case study of Massachusetts\, a leader in state and local climate action that faces multiple electrification challenges\, including aging fossil fuel infrastructure and high demand for home heating. We use this case explore the effects of local policy actions to reduce methane emissions from natural gas systems while simultaneously advancing net zero and electrification goals. Our analysis combines engineering and infrastructure models\, household property data\, document and legal analysis\, and qualitative interviews to characterize inequities in electrification and the effects of fossil fuel stranded assets on low-income communities. \nWe then extend this analysis beyond Massachusetts to examine electrification challenges across the United States. We find evidence of inequities in access to a key electrification technology\, air source heat pumps\, across low-income and minority communities – and show that uncoordinated policies could result in substantial increases in energy bills for households that cannot electrify. We then discuss innovative community electrification solutions that can enable cities to simultaneously promote equity and climate goals.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/designing-policies-to-enable-equitable-and-beneficial-electrification-in-the-u-s/
LOCATION:H 3005
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T105529Z
CREATED:20240508T150815Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T105529Z
UID:10000235-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Neighborhood-Scale Building Decarbonization: A Strategy for Eliminating Emissions from the Built Environment to Meet Our Climate Goals
DESCRIPTION:Credible\, at-scale solutions for eliminating emissions from buildings are still in their infancy. Building decarbonization was cited only once—in a footnote—in the IPCC 6th assessment. However\, attention to building decarbonization among policymakers and private sector practitioners is growing\, especially in the U.S. This focus is necessary\, as we need to decarbonize buildings to achieve local\, national\, and international climate goals. In the U.S.\, the built environment accounts for approx. 35% of economy-wide emissions. \nNew movements can pose an evidence synthesis challenge. Lack of published research\, a steep learning curve\, and a tendency to ignore relevant historical precedents can constrain the theory of change for the movement. The Building Decarbonization Coalition (BDC) addresses these gaps by drawing together a broad coalition of stakeholders to create and share knowledge. BDC’s membership consists of nearly 400 entities—ranging from multinational corporations like Daikin and Rheem to municipal governments\, utilities\, and individual practitioners—who are united in their commitment to reducing and eliminating emissions from the built environment. \nAt the What Works Climate Solutions Summit\, we seek to present our findings from a trailblazing new investigation into neighborhood-scale building decarbonization\, which is a set of tactics for transitioning thousands of buildings off the methane gas distribution network at once\, instead of relying on millions of individual consumers to independently decide to electrify their equipment. We’ve interviewed hundreds of knowledgeable stakeholders across the U.S. to gather and synthesize information that cannot be found in a Google search or academic journal. We have also combed through extensive regulatory proceedings\, legislative agendas\, and gas company records to surface key insights that have been buried in bureaucracy. We are excited to share these findings with the international climate community so that we can build on this knowledge to evolve our strategy from neighborhood scale to planetary scale.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/neighborhood-scale-building-decarbonization-a-strategy-for-eliminating-emissions-from-the-built-environment-to-meet-our-climate-goals/
LOCATION:H 3005
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T105505Z
CREATED:20240508T150704Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T105505Z
UID:10000234-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Fuel Economy Standards and Public Transport
DESCRIPTION:Corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards are a major environmental policy measure in both the EU and US. They require car producers to reach a fleet-wide level of average fuel efficiency. To design effective and efficient climate policies for the transport sector\, it is important to understand the relevant channels of fuel economy standards on welfare and emissions. The main focus in the conventional literature is on the welfare cost of compliance occurring in the automobile market from adjusting engine technology\, car features and pricing schedules. But fuel economy standards also reduce the marginal cost of driving and thus provide an incentive for households to switch their transport mode more often away from public transport to individual driving. By considering these shifting mode choices and their interactions with the urban form\, we identify and examine a new channel of fuel economy standards on welfare and emissions. To this end\, we incorporate public transport\, mode choice and vehicle choice into a monocentric city model that we calibrate with empirically justified parameters and solve numerically.\nOn the one hand\, fuel economy standards\, on average\, increase vehicle purchase costs. On the other hand\, they reduce the marginal cost of driving and\, thus\, provide an incentive for households to switch their transport mode choice more often away from public transport to individual driving. This causes additional carbon emissions and undermines the climate policy goals. Since the variable and fixed costs of the transit system must be covered by fewer passengers\, ticket prices rise endogenously\, making public transport use less attractive. The resulting feedback loop additionally exacerbates the mode switching behavior towards individual driving and the corresponding increase in emissions. We find welfare costs of 1056US$ p.p.p.a. for a 50% emission reduction considering mode choice\, vehicle choice\, ticket prices and adjustment of the urban form.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/fuel-economy-standards-and-public-transport/
LOCATION:H 3005
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T105424Z
CREATED:20240508T150553Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T105424Z
UID:10000233-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Charging ahead: Firm-level optimisation strategies for sustainable and cost-effective electric vehicle workplace charging
DESCRIPTION:Decarbonising the transportation sector is forecasted to result in a substantial increase in total electricity demand\, mainly incurred from charging electric vehicles (EVs). In an effort to reduce scope 3 emissions\, firms are building up extensive workplace charging infrastructure to encourage employees’ update of EVs. However\, many businesses tend to underestimate the impact of EV charging loads on the site’s overall electricity consumption profile at scale. In this paper we present the results of a case study which was carried out between the Oxford Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Impact Lab and a global car manufacturing firm with a large production site in southern Oxford\, UK. Drawing from Operations Research methods\, we compute quantitative estimates of sustainable (CO2 minimal) and cost-effective charging strategies by comparatively assessing the value of smart and bidirectional (V2X) charging\, benchmarked against the case of uncontrolled (dumb) charging. We found that smart- and bidirectional charging can reduce peak demand by -45% and -21%\, respectively. Moreover\, implementing a CO2-minimal charging strategy leads to -32% lower emissions while generating overall cost savings of -0.12 £/kWh. Our results demonstrate that the use of digital technologies at different application levels\, ranging from foundational optimisation algorithms to user-facing consumer apps as means to collect minimum battery state-of-charge (SoC) preferences\, offers substantial value in monetary and environmental terms. Drawing from this case study based on real-world empirical data\, we anticipate more businesses to follow suit by actively considering the implementation of digital software solutions for managing EV charging loads as equal counterpart to the rollout of charging hardware infrastructure. Moreover\, our study serves as blueprint for policymakers to incentivise firms and individuals to adopt digital technologies when managing EV workplace charging cycles which\, at scale\, facilitates the integration of renewable energy into the grid while simultaneously decreasing the need for substantial grid expansion.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/charging-ahead-firm-level-optimisation-strategies-for-sustainable-and-cost-effective-electric-vehicle-workplace-charging/
LOCATION:H 3005
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T105208Z
CREATED:20240508T150435Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T105208Z
UID:10000232-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:A Graph Neural Network Approach to Citywide Cycling Infrastructure Prioritization
DESCRIPTION:Increasing the share of cycling in urban areas has many benefits. Cycling improves the quality of life by reducing noise and air pollution\, improves individual health and\, most importantly\, reduces greenhouse gas emissions. The most important lever for promoting cycling is the improvement of cycling infrastructure. However\, public opinion is often deeply divided\, especially when it comes to allocating scarce resources\, such as funding and space\, between motorized traffic and cycling. Bridging this divide requires a nuanced approach to synthesizing evidence-based evidence for policymakers. To this end\, we seek to provide decision-makers with accurate citywide estimates of bicycle volumes that indicate areas where prioritized bicycle infrastructure improvements would be most beneficial.\nThe city of Berlin currently monitors bicycle movement at a mere 20 locations. We extrapolate cycling volumes from these locations to the entire cityscape at the street level\, using newly available data and state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms. In addition to infrastructure and weather indicators\, we use data from Strava\, a crowdsourced platform that allows users to track cycling activity. Across multiple publications\, Strava data is a promising indicator of overall cycling and is particularly useful because it provides street-level information. We combine this data with graph neural networks. This machine learning technique is particularly suited for extrapolating motorized traffic volumes\, as it is adept at capturing spatial and temporal dependencies and thereby captures the dependency dynamics of traffic data ideally.\nOur research is the first foray into harnessing the computational power of graph neural networks to extrapolate citywide bicycle volumes. Our work is currently still at an early stage\, but the positive initial results suggest that leveraging graph neural networks for estimating citywide bicycle volumes outperforms various baselines and has the potential to significantly inform evidence-based decisions on where to prioritize cycling infrastructure improvements in urban areas.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/a-graph-neural-network-approach-to-citywide-cycling-infrastructure-prioritization/
LOCATION:H 3005
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T093824Z
CREATED:20240508T142812Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T093824Z
UID:10000219-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Mapping the evidence of novel plant-based foods: A systematic review of nutritional\, health\, and environmental impacts in high-income countries
DESCRIPTION:Background: Shifting from current dietary patterns to diets rich in plant-based PB) foods and lower in animal-based foods (ABF) is generally regarded as a suitable strategy to improve nutritional health and reduce environmental impacts. Despite the recent growth in supply and demand of novel plant-based foods (NPBF)\, a comprehensive overview is lacking. Objectives: The aim of this review is to synthesise available evidence\, highlight challenges\, inform public health and environmental strategies and inform purposeful political decision making\, by systematically searching\, analysing and summarising the literature. Methods: We rigorously searched five peer-reviewed databases and grey literature sources for publications (2016 – 2022) that addressed the nutrient composition\, health effects\, and carbon footprints of NPBF in high-income countries. Results: We identified 57 peer-reviewed and 36 grey literature sources. We observed that NPBF typically have substantially lower environmental impacts than ABF\, but the nutritional contents are complex and varied considerably across brands\, product type and main primary ingredient. In the limited evidence on the health impacts\, shifts from ABF to PB meats were associated with positive health outcomes. However\, for PB drinks it was more mixed\, with some linked to micronutrient deficiencies. Conclusion: If carefully selected\, certain NPBF have the potential to be a healthier and nutrient-rich alternative to ABF\, and typically have lower environmental footprints. More disaggregated categorisation of various types of NPBF would be a helpful step in guiding consumers and key stakeholders to make informed decisions. Recommendations: To enable informed policymaking on the inclusion of NPBF in dietary transitions as part of a wider net-zero and health strategy\, future priorities should include nutritional food standards\, labelling and sub-division/categorisations of NPBF\, as well as short and long-term studies evaluating the health impacts on dietary shifts from ABF to NPBF and standardised environmental impact assessments\, ideally from independent funders.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/mapping-the-evidence-of-novel-plant-based-foods-a-systematic-review-of-nutritional-health-and-environmental-impacts-in-high-income-countries/
LOCATION:H 0112
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240609T114230Z
CREATED:20240508T142710Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240609T114230Z
UID:10000218-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Database coverage of primary studies included in evidence syntheses on climate-health
DESCRIPTION:Background\nHigh-quality evidence syntheses (ES) on climate-health are vital for policy making. To inform ES search methods it is important to assess the relevance of literature databases for this topic. \nObjectives\nOur aim was to assess the database coverage of a comprehensive set of primary studies included in published ES on climate-health. We investigated their coverage in PubMed and assessed if studies not indexed in PubMed were available in the Global Health database. \nMethods\nWe searched for climate-health related ES in MEDLINE\, Embase\, CINAHL\, Cochrane Library and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses in February 2021. The search yielded 8614 records after deduplication. 110 climate-health related ES were identified. We extracted all primary studies from the first 79 ES\, sorted by number of included studies. As climate change impacts human health via several pathways\, we classified each study according to exposure pathway. We examined the availability of each study in PubMed\, and if this was not the case\, we tested its availability in Global Health. \nResults\nWe extracted 2324 primary studies\, of which 1936 were relevant to a specific climate-health exposure pathway. The range of primary studies available for our analysis per pathway was 73 to 439. For three pathways (air quality\, heat stress\, water quality & quantity) PubMed coverage was very high\, at 91-94%. For another three pathways PubMed coverage was between 81-82% (extreme weather events\, food supply & safety\, vector distribution & ecology). Only the social factors pathway had an exceptionally low PubMed coverage of 40%. Half of the studies not available in PubMed were indexed in the Global Health database. \nConclusions\nPubMed coverage of climate-health primary studies is mostly comprehensive\, with a marked variability between three pathway clusters. Global Health can be recommended as secondary database. For some pathways additional sources are needed to identify all relevant studies.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/database-coverage-of-primary-studies-included-in-evidence-syntheses-on-climate-health/
LOCATION:H 0112
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T104937Z
CREATED:20240508T142553Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T104937Z
UID:10000217-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:AI-driven data complementarity to support international researchers in climate\, health\, and agriculture
DESCRIPTION:The potential for AI to support decision making in international development for climate\, health\, agriculture and associated domains is significant\, but the bias within current AI models favour data and use cases from high-income countries means that there is limited potential to satisfy the needs and requirements of users\, data stakeholders and communities in low- and middle-income countries. Elements of AI-driven data complementarity\, where data from one system can be optimised with data from another to produce new and novel knowledge\, offer an opportunity to not only increase the volume\, but also the diversity of data. This is especially important for the integration of data from low- and middle-income country partners\, who may have valuable data to contribute but lack infrastructure and systems to help make the data more widely available to the broader world\, resulting in an imbalance of ideas and innovation. Significant gaps within the data available to AI models impact the way that innovative AI-driven technologies identify existing and emerging challenges and hinder the solutions that are subsequently developed. For instance\, more than 450 organizations across 25 African countries maintain high-quality data-rich research repositories that\, due to outdated infrastructure and limited resources\, keep them from readily contributing to integrated global platforms including climate change guidance and recommendations for policy makers. Similar issues exist across low- and-middle income countries in Asia\, Latin America\, and the Middle East. In this session\, we will discuss new tools an approaches from the Juno Evidence Alliance that try to ensure AI-based analyses and the large-language models (LLMS) integrate diversity of data in ethical\, responsible ways.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/ai-driven-data-complementarity-to-support-international-researchers-in-climate-health-and-agriculture/
LOCATION:H 0104 (Elinor Ostrom Hall)
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240609T114418Z
CREATED:20240508T141324Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240609T114418Z
UID:10000209-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Evidence mapping - Quantitative synthesis/meta-analysis Systematic review of effectiveness of interventions to reduce carbon-emissions within secondary healthcare: issues with conducting reliable primary research and identifying trustworthy findings
DESCRIPTION:Healthcare services contribute 1% -5% towards global environmental impacts. The Climate Change Act (2008) set targets for the 100% reduction of 1990 carbon emission level in England by 2050.3 Work identifying and delivering interventions to reduce carbon emissions within healthcare supply chains and models of care delivery\, is underway.\nTo complement this work\, we aimed to systematically review primary-evidence examining intervention effectiveness in reducing the carbon footprint for medical specialities within secondary healthcare settings. We searched four bibliographic databases covering health care and environmental sciences\, including MEDLINE and Embase\, Environment Complete and Science Citation Index database. We conducted backward/forward citation searching and searched relevant websites\, Google Search\, and checked relevant systematic reviews\, and the Healthcare Life-cycle Assessment (LCA) database. Two reviewers independently undertook title and abstract and full-text screening\, resolving disagreements through discussion. One reviewer data-extracted all studies\, and quality-appraised LCA studies with a tool based upon Weideima’s guidelines\, which was checked by a second. Findings were tabulated and synthesised narratively.\n88 studies (92 articles) met eligibility criteria across five intervention categories: Accessing care (n=39)\, Product level (n=22)\, Multiple (n=10)\, Care Delivery (n=9) and Setting (n=12). Urology (n=14)\, Gastroenterology (n=13) and Oncology/Radiation oncology (n=13) were the most common specialities represented. 25 articles used LCA methods\, with the highest number in urology product-level interventions (n=7). The most common type of intervention was telemedicine (n=26\, including 3 LCAs). Studies conducted using LCA and non-LCA methods contained common methodological flaws\, making it difficult to accurately determine the systemic impact of interventions intended to reduce carbon-emissions. This has important implications regarding a) ensuring those conducting carbon-emission reduction projects within healthcare settings possess the required skills/knowledge on how to do so b) reflecting on how policy makers can best make use of the evidence available and c) ensuring future research addresses the methodological limitations identified.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/evidence-mapping-quantitative-synthesis-meta-analysis-systematic-review-of-effectiveness-of-interventions-to-reduce-carbon-emissions-within-secondary-healthcare-issues-with-conducting-reliable-prim/
LOCATION:H 0112
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240609T114342Z
CREATED:20240508T141101Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240609T114342Z
UID:10000207-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Double Impact: Reducing low-value care - A win-win for patients and the planet: A rapid scoping review
DESCRIPTION:Background: The health care industry is the fifth-largest contributor worldwide to CO2 emissions. Therefore\, health systems need to curb CO2 emissions to become environmentally sustainable. We conducted a scoping review to identify literature on (1) the environmental impacts of de-implementation of low-value health care (LVC) and (2) the environmental sustainability of alternative solutions for health care (e.g.\, devices\, medications).\nMethods: We searched Ovid MEDLINE® and Scopus (Elsevier) from January 2015 up to 19 June 2023 and consulted experts as additional search strategy. We conducted dual and then single reviewing against a priori defined criteria. One reviewer extracted data\, and a second reviewer checked approximately 10% of the data extractions. We used summary statistics to describe the results narratively.\nResults: We included 187 articles. Among those\, seven studies focussed on de-implementation of LVC (e.g.\, laboratory tests\, diagnostic imaging procedures). The other identified studies examined the following health care practices in relation to their environmental impacts: consultation – travel/telecare (32%)\, surgical and medical devices (26%)\, medication (25%)\, surgical procedures (19%) and diagnostic tests/screening/imaging (13%). Life cycle assessments and other modelling studies were the most applied study designs. Most studies were conducted in Europe (48%)\, followed by the USA (37%)\, Australia (9%) and Canada (4%). 75% of the studies were published after 2020. The reported outcomes fell into the following categories: global warming (89%)\, other negative environmental impact (35%)\, resource consumption (28%)\, and chemical hazards (22%).\nConclusion: We identified a steady rise in publications on this topic since 2020. This is indicative of a large and growing scientific interest in environmental sustainability and may be useful as base for further action. De-implementation of LVC seems to be beneficial in two respects: It protects patients from useless or even harmful interventions and can also reduce CO2 emissions of health care.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/double-impact-reducing-low-value-care-a-win-win-for-patients-and-the-planet-a-rapid-scoping-review/
LOCATION:H 0112
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240609T114308Z
CREATED:20240508T140939Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240609T114308Z
UID:10000206-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:The effectiveness of mobile app-based interventions in nudging towards sustainable and healthy diets: a systematic review and meta-analysis
DESCRIPTION:One third of all greenhouse gas emissions come from the way we produce and consume food\, and current diets are insufficient to meet environmental and health goals. Given the ubiquity of smartphone usage\, apps delivering effective\, engaging nudges could be a scalable and promising solution. However\, the complexity of apps makes it difficult for stakeholders to prioritise. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effectiveness of mobile apps for promoting sustainable dietary consumption across five food groups.\nSeven electronic databases (MEDLINE\, EMBASE\, PsycINFO\, CINAHL\, Global Health\, GreenFILE\, Web of Science) and two trial registries (Cochrane Trials and Clinicaltrials.gov) were systematically searched for interventional studies\, characterised according to their use of strategies to facilitate behaviour change.\nFourteen of 5261 identified records were included\, comprising 12 randomised controlled trials and two pre-post trials\, with a total of 7826 participants and sample sizes ranging from 17 to 5062. Five studies recruited the general population\, three recruited students\, and six recruited overweight or obese adults\, three of which targeted lower socioeconomic groups. Interventions lasted from three days to 24 weeks\, with the most common strategy being self-monitoring\, followed by messaging\, goal-setting\, and social support. An increase was observed in daily fruit and vegetable consumption (0.43 servings\, 95% CI 0.18\, 0.68)\, vegetables separately (0.35 servings\, 95% CI 0.07\, 0.63)\, and legumes (0.04 servings\, 95% CI 0.01\, 0.08)\, with smaller increases in fruit (0.03 servings\, 95% CI 0.01\, 0.05) and meat consumption (-0.03 servings\, 95% CI -0.06\, -0.01).\nOur findings indicate that smartphone apps could play a role in accelerating dietary change\, particularly for fruits\, vegetables\, and legumes\, but these changes alone will not make diets more sustainable without meat and dairy reduction. These insights could be used by health practitioners and policymakers when considering apps in their suite of solutions for improving climate and health.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/the-effectiveness-of-mobile-app-based-interventions-in-nudging-towards-sustainable-and-healthy-diets-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/
LOCATION:H 0112
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T111008Z
CREATED:20240508T093727Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T111008Z
UID:10000090-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:An Evidence and Gap Map of the ex-post literature on carbon pricing
DESCRIPTION:After more than 30 years of experience with implemented climate policies and a rapid growth in the scientific literature on these policies\, there is little overview about what policies have been empirically assessed for which policy outcomes. This may lead to duplicated research efforts and hinder rigorous syntheses of available evidence. To identify crucial research gaps and to lead the way towards ecosystems of reviews\, we compile an evidence and gap map focussing on ex-post policy assessments of carbon taxes and emission trading schemes. Preliminary results show that the scientific attention is heavily focussed on emission trading schemes in China and the EU\, while for many of the other 60 carbon pricing schemes the evidence is limited to no or very few scientific publications. We identify large bodies of evidence (>200 publications) which have not yet been synthesised in rigorous systematic reviews for the outcome categories competitiveness of firms and economies\, firm behaviour\, innovation and investment\, as well as price transmission to goods and services. We will provide the evidence and gap map as an interactive tool and accessible database to inform future research and to be used as a source for evidence syntheses on carbon pricing policies.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/an-evidence-and-gap-map-of-the-ex-post-literature-on-carbon-pricing/
LOCATION:H 0107
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T110933Z
CREATED:20240508T093606Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T110933Z
UID:10000089-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:How effective were the Chinese regional emissions-trading schemes? A meta-analytic answer
DESCRIPTION:China is by far the largest CO2 emitter in the world and its emissions keep on rising. This makes China the single-most important country to study the effectiveness of national mitigation policies. One key pillar in China’s effort to reach its Paris targets while maintaining rapid economic growth are emissions-trading schemes (ETS). Starting in 2013\, China introduced several regional ETS to inform the introduction of a national ETS. Until the latter was rolled out in 2021\, the regional ETS combined were the second-largest ETS in the world. Utilizing China’s regional ETS as unique quasi-natural experiments\, a large strand of literature has emerged to rigorously study their effectiveness. In this study\, we systematically synthesize the existing evidence from publications written in English and Chinese.\nWhile most studies find that the regional ETS did reduce CO2 emissions\, the estimated magnitude of this effect varies greatly. Synthesizing estimates from more than 60 studies through meta-analysis\, we find that the true effect of the regional pilots under the assumption of no bias would be an overall reduction of around 14% over a period of around five years. This would imply effectiveness similar to what an OECD report estimated for the second phase of the EU-ETS (Dechezleprêtre et al.\, 2018). Worryingly\, there is strong evidence for a small-study effect\, possibly due to publication bias. In order to design future policies\, it is important to account for the possibility of publication bias in primary studies. Doing so leads to more pessimistic expectations of what the Chinese ETS may contribute to climate-change mitigation.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/how-effective-were-the-chinese-regional-emissions-trading-schemes-a-meta-analytic-answer/
LOCATION:H 0107
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T110741Z
CREATED:20240508T093435Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T110741Z
UID:10000088-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Five decades of research on border carbon adjustments – a systematic review of the literature
DESCRIPTION:In a world of nationally determined climate action\, ambitious climate policies in some regions that are not matched by similar efforts in trade partners entail the risk of carbon leakage. Carbon border adjustment mechanisms that impose carbon costs comparable to those of domestic producers are a way to level the playing field and alleviate leakage risks. Such mechanisms have been debated in the academic literature for about 50 years\, but only very recently seen practical implementation in the European Union (EU)\, whose Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) imposes a price comparable to that applied under the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) on emissions embedded in imports of certain carbon-intensive basic materials\, such as iron and steel. Previous papers have surveyed the literature on carbon border adjustments in a variety of disciplines\, including economics\, legal studies and political science\, with the last comprehensive literature review conducted over a decade ago. We aim to extend and update these contributions by conducting a systematic review of the relevant literature. Based on a keyword search\, we will establish a database of articles to be reviewed. These will be coded to track the evolution of topics addressed in such research and the interest of different scientific communities over time. These insights will then be used to single out major issues on which scholars agree or disagree\, and to identify the underlying reasons for overlapping or conflicting views. Finally\, the systematic review will also help identify remaining research gaps in light of the evolving political debate around BCAs.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/five-decades-of-research-on-border-carbon-adjustments-a-systematic-review-of-the-literature/
LOCATION:H 0107
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T110711Z
CREATED:20240508T093317Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T110711Z
UID:10000087-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:The carbon pricing paradox
DESCRIPTION:Carbon pricing\, in varied forms\, is an expression of economic theory known for close to 100 years\, and has been proposed in climate policy analysis for 35 years. Yet global progress remains patchy and clearly inadequate\, and in the US – the country in which economists most actively and persistently promoted the carbon pricing agenda – carbon pricing is generally considered “off the table” of any serious political debate. \nTo date\, the IPCC has consistently failed to reach either consistency\, between models and empirics\, or consensus\, between IPCC authors with conflicting world-views on carbon pricing. This talk would outline this background\, arguing a missed opportunity in the Sixth Assessment. \nAgainst this realpolitik empirical background\, this talk would advance a paradox: that carbon pricing can only succeed if its proponents become more modest in what it can realistically deliver; more fundamentally aware of not just distributional but also of political and psychological determinants; and acknowledge the vital contribution of complementary policy instruments. Building upon a recent paper in the Oxford Journal of Economic Policy\, the presentation will advance a broadened economic theory\, as well as political basis\, for regarding other instruments not as “second best”\, but as part of a set of complementary actions necessarily required to foster deep decarbonisation. \nAt the same time\, the presentation will warn against a growing tendency in some academic circles to diminish or disregard the contribution of carbon pricing entirely. Drawing upon empirical observations about the importance of energy prices over long periods\, as well as more fundamental economic principles\, the paper will argue that in the long run it will be impossible to secure deep decarbonisation without strong and robust carbon pricing. \nThe challenge is how to get there\, and intersections of evidence\, theory\, and process we might need to do so.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/the-carbon-pricing-paradox/
LOCATION:H 0107
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T110639Z
CREATED:20240508T093152Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T110639Z
UID:10000086-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Greenhouse gas (GHG) pricing and mortality: evidence from a systematic review and meta-regression
DESCRIPTION:According to the World Health Organization (WHO)\, the climate crisis constitutes the “greatest threat to global health in the 21st century”\, the impacts of which are extremely unequally distributed. Economic activity associated with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions results in air pollution mortality\, among other consequences for ill-health. The air quality experienced by 99% of the global population does not meet WHO recommended standards. Thereby\, air pollution is thought responsible for one in 14 deaths. Health co-benefits of climate mitigation generally and GHG pricing specifically are currently largely ignored in policy assessment and decision-making. \nWe present a systematic review and meta-regression of statistical modelling studies analysing how GHG pricing could change ambient air pollution mortality. We find a reduction of ambient air pollution mortality associated with GHG pricing and examine the variation in findings across contexts using meta-regression. However\, there were various threats to validity in the studies – for example\, they often lacked calibration using observational data – meaning that our confidence in the studies was not always high. More generally\, there is a need for more transparent reporting\, which could be facilitated by accepted reporting standards in the field. Our systematic searches identified a relative lack of studies in upper middle- and lower middle-income countries where air pollution is particularly high. Future studies examining the health effects of GHG pricing in these contexts are needed. As with other urgent public health crisis such as Covid-19\, these need to be assessed based on currently available evidence.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/greenhouse-gas-ghg-pricing-and-mortality-evidence-from-a-systematic-review-and-meta-regression/
LOCATION:H 0107
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T110449Z
CREATED:20240508T084538Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T110449Z
UID:10000060-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Dichotomy or Continuum? A global review of the interaction between autonomous and planned adaptations
DESCRIPTION:Adaptation to climate change is often conceptualized as either/or\, as a dichotomy\, with adaptation responses being categorized as either planned (formal and structured) or autonomous (organic\, self-organized\, everyday). There is recent anecdotal and theoretical evidence on the existence and importance of the interplay between autonomous and planned adaptation\, however examination of this interaction has been limited to date. We use a global database of 1\,682 peer-reviewed articles on adaptation responses (from the Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative\, GAMI) to systematically examine autonomous and planned adaptations\, both quantitatively and qualitatively\, with an emphasis on how these types of adaptations interact with one another. We propose a third category\, mixed adaptation\, which demonstrates characteristics of both autonomous and planned types\, and which recognizes nuances in how organization\, external support\, formality\, and autonomy manifest in the fuzzy space between the two. We find that more than one-third of articles reporting on adaptation responses fall into this mixed category\, with cases across sectors and world regions. We develop a qualitative typology of mixed adaptation that identifies nine ways that autonomous and planned adaptation interact and influence each other both positively and negatively. Based on these findings\, we argue for more nuanced examinations of the interplay between autonomous and planned adaptation\, and for conceptualizing adaptation planning as a continuum between the two rather than a dichotomy. This has implications for research design\, which often do not explicitly consider the interactions between autonomous and planned\, rather focus on either/or. This additionally brings questions to policy norms in the era of the Global Stocktake\, where most indicator frameworks focus on planned adaptation\, thus missing huge swaths of effective and equitable adaptation\, occurring in the form of mixed and autonomous adaptation.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/dichotomy-or-continuum-a-global-review-of-the-interaction-between-autonomous-and-planned-adaptations/
LOCATION:H 0111
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T110417Z
CREATED:20240508T084419Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T110417Z
UID:10000059-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Progress and Gaps in National Adaptation Policy
DESCRIPTION:Globally\, national governments are developing policies and plans to increase resilience to climate hazards across all sectors. To date\, most methodologies used for tracking adaptation progress focus exclusively on policies and plans that explicitly mention climate adaptation\, unfortunately\, this practice leads to the exclusion of many policies that increase climate resilience but are not explicitly called adaptation policies\, leading to an incomplete understanding of progress in this area. Using a novel methodology that utilizes a comprehensive definition of adaptation policy that includes a broader range of resilience policies than traditional tracking methods\, we develop national policy inventories for adaptation in India and the United States and illustrate the landscape of adaptation policies in both countries. Through this comprehensive policy inventory and assessment\, we identify key gaps and areas for increased policy attention in both countries. This work provides a critical contribution to our understanding of national-level adaptation policy progress as well as a methodological contribution that can be replicated to better understand adaptation progress in other countries.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/progress-and-gaps-in-national-adaptation-policy/
LOCATION:H 0111
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T110343Z
CREATED:20240508T084307Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T110343Z
UID:10000058-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Ways forward in global adaptation evidence synthesis: Lessons learnt from GAMI and beyond
DESCRIPTION:Evidence of climate change adaptation has grown exponentially in recent years and decades. However\, this evidence base is highly heterogeneous in its methods\, context-specificity\, and relevance for effective risk reduction. The Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative (GAMI) was the first systematic evidence synthesis project that mapped adaptation literature from across the globe and categorised the evidence regarding adaptation types\, patterns\, and regional and sectoral clusters and gaps. After GAMI has been successfully finished\, fed into IPCC AR6 reports\, and used for various spin-off scientific papers\, it is time to take stock: What did and what did not work well in the GAMI process? By whom\, for which purposes and with which methods was the GAMI data used? What are future directions and recommendations for global adaptation evidence synthesis? This paper builds on a survey and group discussion among the GAMI core and advisory teams as well as lead authors of GAMI spin-off papers to collect experiences\, amongst others\, about the opportunities and limitations of the dataset\, extensions and re-analyses of the dataset in the various spin-off projects\, and recommendations for more effective adaptation evidence synthesis. The results of this analysis provide the basis for a new initiative for mapping and tracking global adaptation efforts and integration with novel machine learning-assisted methods\, which can feed into the Global Stocktake (2029) and 7th IPCC assessment cycle.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/ways-forward-in-global-adaptation-evidence-synthesis-lessons-learnt-from-gami-and-beyond/
LOCATION:H 0111
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T110313Z
CREATED:20240508T084142Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T110313Z
UID:10000057-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Mapping and synthesizing evidence on global adaptation progress: Achievements of GAMI and lessons for the future
DESCRIPTION:As climate change adaptation is unfolding across the world\, a scientific evaluation of progress in adaptation is ever more important. Adaptation projects are increasingly reported and assessed in the scientific literature\, covering an growing breadth of case studies from across different world regions and sectors such as agriculture\, critical infrastructure or settlements. Learning from the systematic mapping and synthesis of adaptation evidence documented in such scientific studies was the main objective of the Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative (GAMI). Launched as a research community effort during the IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Cycle (AR6) it has by now generated an important global knowledge base for the evaluation of adaptation. Next to global overview publications (synthesizing close to 3000 articles)\, a considerable number of regional or sector-specific in-depth studies as well as thematic and methodological extensions to the original data set have been published by now. With a view towards AR7 it is therefore time to stake stock current achievements and debate requirements for the future.\nThe session aims to collect and discuss lessons learned within GAMI and reflect on the implications for future adaptation mapping and synthesis. Contributions with a methodological\, conceptual\, empirical or modeling focus are all welcome. Presentations might concentrate on different sectors and regions or address the overall global picture. We invite not only contributions from colleagues who have contributed to GAMI but explicitly also from users who have not been involved but see a need to discuss potential shortcomings and improvements. Questions of the session include but are not limited to: Which methodological challenges exist in the GAMI approach and how can they be overcome? How can GAMI results be validated and triangulated with other data sets? How can the coding methodology of GAMI be combined with other methods e.g. in the field of large language models?
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/session-mapping-and-synthesizing-evidence-on-global-adaptation-progress-achievements-of-gami-and-lessons-for-the-future/
LOCATION:H 0111
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T103603Z
CREATED:20240508T080548Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T103603Z
UID:10000038-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Delayed carbon debt drawdown fails younger generations
DESCRIPTION:Current emissions trends may deplete a 1.5°C consistent carbon budget in approximately 6 years\, resulting in a period of exceedance. To inform the equitable realignment of efforts that minimize exceedance magnitude and duration\, we propose the use of ‘net-zero carbon debt’. Net-zero carbon debt is a measure that combines ‘fair’ shares of a remaining carbon budget with carbon drawdown responsibilities during the period of exceedance. We apply this measure to evaluate a set of regional emissions scenarios ranging from current policies to targets and pledges\, considering the per capita allocation of a remaining 1.5°C carbon budget from the year 1990. Quantifications of regional net-zero carbon debt are used to attribute regional responsibility for exceedance drawdown and proportional responsibility for regional climate impacts if this does not occur. Even under our most optimistic assessment of current global ambition\, younger generations in regions accruing net-zero carbon debts inherit annual average exceedance drawdown responsibilities ranging from 0.7-5.6 GtCO2/year between 2050-2100\, while those born in 2020 in these regions are expected to experience 1.1-1.9 times increase in lifetime extreme heatwave exposure relative to a reference 1.5°C scenario if this drawdown does not occur. This analysis can inform the operationalization of equitable intertemporal and interregional effort sharing mechanisms that persist beyond exhaustion of a remaining carbon budget.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/delayed-carbon-debt-drawdown-fails-younger-generations/
LOCATION:H 0110
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240606T140507Z
CREATED:20240508T080436Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240606T140507Z
UID:10000037-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Fairness and uncertainty in determining national emission reduction targets
DESCRIPTION:As 2030 approaches and current Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) are not sufficient to meet the Paris Agreement climate goals\, setting more stringent national emission reduction targets in 2040 and 2050 become more and more relevant. The basis of these targets\, however\, can be manyfold. In this research\, we present a comprehensive framework to quantify national emission reduction targets by distinguishing and varying three types of considerations. First\, the interpretation of the Paris Agreement and how this boils down to\, for example\, global emissions in 2040: not only in terms of temperature target\, but also involving uncertainty on climate sensitivity and non-CO2 assumptions. Second\, we consider normative decisions: the allocation of global emissions is done using six different effort-sharing allocation rules following different principles of fairness. Third\, socio-economic and technical uncertainties also impact these calculations\, such as population projections and the potential for negative emissions. These considerations and their impact on national emission reduction targets are shown on a new open online tool\, the Carbon Budget Explorer\, facilitating navigation through the effects of each of these considerations. We compare these national emission reduction targets to current NDCs and to cost-optimal model outcomes\, shedding light on the shortcomings and importance of international collaboration in reaching global goals.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/fairness-and-uncertainty-in-determining-national-emission-reduction-targets/
LOCATION:H 0110
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T103408Z
CREATED:20240508T080200Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T103408Z
UID:10000035-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Closing decent living gaps in sustainable development pathways with strong equity improvements
DESCRIPTION:Environmental action and international development are two closely linked agendas that dominate international policy discussions. It is therefore important to understand how inequalities and basic needs that are central to development are affected or resolved by environmental policies. \nHere\, we will showcase new development on integrating the material prerequisites for human well-being (using the Decent Living Standards framework; DLS) with energy and emissions scenarios (using Integrated Assessment Models; IAMs). This provides a representation of inequalities in IAMs beyond monetary indicators\, at a country-level\, for three sectors. \nOur new model (DESIREv0.1.0) can be used to both (i) steer the construction of scenarios with IAMs through an iterative process by providing energy targets\, and (ii) assess the size of the energy gap over time\, with the related need for redistribution\, increase in energy use\, or efficiency improvements. \nIn this presentation\, we focus on the outcomes of a set of Sustainable Development Pathways (SDPs)\, which pursue the achievement of all Sustainable Development Goals. All scenarios assume radical within-country inequality reductions and meet stringent climate mitigation targets in line with the Paris Agreement. Between-country economic inequality reduces faster than in SSP1 too\, with the speed of convergence varied across scenarios. \nWe project extremely fast reductions in populations living below the energy requirement for DLS. The energy requirements for DLS themselves decrease due to improvements in service provisioning efficiency. Energy gaps also become very small for household energy needs\, and by mid-century all regions have some energy beyond DLS. We also show how the emissions related to delivering energy for DLS are less than the remaining carbon budget under the SDPs\, but much more if no climate policies are implemented. compare the emissions related to providing DLS to the remaining carbon budget.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/closing-decent-living-gaps-in-sustainable-development-pathways-with-strong-equity-improvements/
LOCATION:H 0110
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20240529T103337Z
CREATED:20240508T075907Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240529T103337Z
UID:10000034-1718105400-1718110800@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Breaking Barriers with Patterns: A Participatory Approach for Integrating Justice into Global Mitigation Scenarios
DESCRIPTION:Integrated assessment models (IAMs) commonly used by policymakers in climate decision-making have been criticized for insufficiently incorporating certain justice considerations\, and for being relatively closed to stakeholder inputs and feedback. Based on a comprehensive justice framework\, this work responds to both criticisms and proposes a flexible and pragmatic approach to operationalize distributive justice: justice patterns. Justice patterns are stylized trajectories that represent a specific understanding of distributive justice\, thereby representing either an Aggregate Utilitarian\, Prioritarian\, Egalitarian\, Sufficientarian or Limitarian stand. Those justice patterns can be used to analyze a variety of distributional questions (the distribution of e.g. costs\, benefits\, impacts) as well as intra- and inter-generational justice problem statements.\nSubsequently\, we use justice patterns to derive justice diagnostics for all global mitigation scenarios that were part of the IPCC’s sixth assessment cycle\, and identify the most prominent justice perspectives in current climate scenarios. Furthermore\, we use justice patterns to develop an interactive web-app that systematically inquires justice perceptions of stakeholders.\nWe find that the app is effective in making justice discussions more accessible and tangible. We further find that what is perceived as just varies depending on the distributed object and that Aggregate Utilitarian – represented by growth in all regions – is not a preferred option.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/breaking-barriers-with-patterns-a-participatory-approach-for-integrating-justice-into-global-mitigation-scenarios/
LOCATION:H 0110
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T093000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T110000
DTSTAMP:20240604T084226Z
CREATED:20240604T084226Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240604T084226Z
UID:10000297-1718098200-1718103600@whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Climate benefits of bio-based urban construction
DESCRIPTION:The building sector is responsible for almost 40% of global energy-related CO2 emissions (UNEP 2023). If the built environment was constructed with bio-based materials\, it could store significant amounts of carbon in the long term. The transition towards a net-zero built environment could be advanced if the materials are sourced from regional forests. We therefore propose an approach to quantify and match the supply and demand for bio-based building materials for urban agglomerations across the world. A key feature is to be spatially explicit\, thus exploring the potential for demand to be met by regional supplies\, considering the ‘shortening’ of supply chains. The model first aims estimates the potential for regionally sourced bio-based materials to meet the material demand of a transition to a bio-based built environment. Timber Supply is estimated through a statistical model\, mapping the potential production. The demand-side is quantified using generalised building typologies linked to high-resolution earth observation datasets for urban agglomerations. To project future demand\, scenarios are developed considering key socio-economic developments such as future floor area demands or the adoption of timber construction to outline possible future trajectories. In order to match the supply and demand\, a spatially explicit supply-demand balance algorithm is applied to identify regional forest areas needed to theoretically supply future urban construction. Finally\, carbon sinks and substitution effects of a timber-based built environment are quantified using LCA approaches. The scenario-based results provide an overview of the potential of future bio-based construction and associated carbon benefits at the urban scale.
URL:https://whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/climate-benefits-of-bio-based-urban-construction/
LOCATION:H 0110
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR